{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T17:25:37Z","timestamp":1780421137510,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a presumption that pathological narcissism, or narcissistic personality disorder <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>, can be considered a precursor to addiction. Although the ICD-11 model does not distinguish specific personality disorders, narcissistic psychopathology should be captured through personality trait qualifiers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To verify the capacity of the ICD-11 model in the detection of narcissistic psychopathology in patients with addiction; to test its discrimination capacity, convergent validity, and specificity toward the gender and the type of addiction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two samples were employed in the study. Sample 1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 421) consisted of patients with addiction; Sample 2 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 567) consisted of general population volunteers. Age range was 18\u201375 years and a battery of self-assessment questionnaires containing Personality Inventory for DSM-5\u2013Brief Form Plus Modified; Triarchic Psychopathy Measure; Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale; and Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self-Report was administered by pencil-and-paper method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The following was confirmed: (1) capacity of the ICD-11 model in relation to capture narcissistic pathology; (2) the differentiation capacity between the clinical and non-clinical population; (3) gender specificity in relation to grandiose and vulnerable narcissism; (4) the connection between the overall degree of impairment in personality functioning and most of trait qualifiers; (5) certain specifics of patients with addiction in relation to the type of addiction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results support the empirical and clinical relevance of the ICD-11 model in capturing narcissistic pathology in addicted patients. Clinical implications concerning assessment and treatment in addiction settings, and certain limits regarding the Anankastia domain are discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1041480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T06:56:23Z","timestamp":1669359383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Self-reported narcissistic traits in patients with addiction through the lens of the ICD-11 model for personality disorders"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Karel D.","family":"Riegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Schlosserova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadeas S.","family":"Zbornik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"227","article-title":"The role of superego conflicts in substance abuse and their treatment.","volume":"10","author":"Wurmser","year":"","journal-title":"Int J Psychoanal Psychother."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3109\/10673229609017201","article-title":"Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder in Axis I disorders.","volume":"3","author":"Ronningstam","year":"1996","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v69n0701","article-title":"Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder: results from the wave 2 national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions.","volume":"69","author":"Stinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p. 233","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483328980.n9","article-title":"Narcissistic personality disorder.","author":"Levy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Personality Disorders: Toward the DSM-V."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.09.006","article-title":"Narcissism at the crossroads: phenotypic description of pathological narcissism across clinical theory, social\/personality psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis.","volume":"28","author":"Cain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20090301-09","article-title":"Narcissistic personality disorder: facing DSM-V.","volume":"39","author":"Ronningstam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31823e6795","article-title":"Debates on the narcissism conundrum: trait, domain, dimension, type, or disorder?","volume":"200","author":"Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215","article-title":"Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder.","volume":"6","author":"Pincus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810080012002","article-title":"DSM-III personality disorder diagnoses in a nonpatient sample. 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