{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:08:43Z","timestamp":1790212123398,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Virtual reality and augmented reality have been used in psychosocial rehabilitation for adults with neurodevelopmental disorders in recent years, to provide functional training in a scaffolded and appealing manner. This systematic review attempted to evaluate (1) how virtual reality or augmented reality technology was deployed, when used as an intervention for adults with neurodevelopmental disorders; and (2) how virtual or augmented reality-assisted psychosocial rehabilitation programs impacted on the functional domains of community living, employment and social participation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was adopted and a search of publications between June 2012 and June 2022 was carried out. The target groups were adults with schizophrenia\/schizoaffective disorders, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Interventions that targeted at least one functional domain were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The database search generated 1,267 records and 38 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three studies utilized augmented reality while the rest utilized virtual reality. The virtual scenarios were displayed in various ways, such as head-mounted displays, computer screens, mobile devices and cave rooms. A few studies also used features such as speech recognition, eye tracking and motion-capture device to provide real-time feedback to participants during rehabilitation. Eleven studies reported interventions that addressed community living, 15 studies addressed vocational skills and nine studies trained participants in social skills or social cognition. Three studies sought to improve quality of life using virtual scenarios to expose participants to various situations. Majority of these studies reported preliminary promising results, with improvement in the functional domains addressed. However, several studies had small sample sizes and many single-arm pretest-posttest studies were assessed to be of serious or critical risk of bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Virtual reality and augmented reality are deployed in various ways to augment psychosocial rehabilitation for adults with neurodevelopmental disorders. Most interventions target skills training or strategy learning in the areas of community living, work and social participation. Preliminary positive findings of their effects on functional performance were reported. Larger and robust studies using ecologically valid outcome measures will be needed to establish their effects on real-world functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>identifier: CRD42022335443.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1055204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T02:31:14Z","timestamp":1670985074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The use of virtual reality and augmented reality in psychosocial rehabilitation for adults with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bhing-Leet","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desiree","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherie","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Medalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"1996"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12722","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for people with intellectual disabilities and dementia: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"MacDonald","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabilit"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00147","article-title":"The implementation of evidence-based psychiatric rehabilitation: challenges and opportunities for mental health services","volume":"1","author":"Vita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796014000432","article-title":"Technology-based interventions for psychiatric illnesses: Improving care, one patient at a time","volume":"23","author":"Ben-Zeev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00282","article-title":"Using smartphones to help people with intellectual and sensory disabilities perform daily activities","volume":"24","author":"Lancioni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174462952210891","DOI":"10.1177\/17446295221089147","article-title":"Virtual reality and augmented reality as strategies for teaching social skills to individuals with intellectual disability: a systematic review","volume":"2022","author":"Montoya-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabilit"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.06.026","article-title":"An augmented reality (AR)-based vocational task prompting system for people with cognitive impairments","volume":"34","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966080","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.966080","article-title":"A gamified augmented reality vocational training program for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a pilot study on acceptability and effectiveness","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665326","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.665326","article-title":"Effectiveness of virtual\/augmented reality\u2013based therapeutic interventions on individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Karami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717001945","article-title":"Virtual reality in the assessment and treatment of psychosis: a systematic review of its utility, acceptability and effectiveness","volume":"48","author":"Rus-Calafell","year":"1945","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.01.015","article-title":"Virtual reality in the psychological treatment for mental health problems: an systematic review of recent evidence","volume":"236","author":"Valmaggia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171700040X","article-title":"Virtual reality in the assessment, understanding, and treatment of mental health disorders","volume":"47","author":"Freeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","author":"Page","year":"","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","author":"McGuinness","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00064","article-title":"A serious game to improve cognitive functions in schizophrenia: a pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Amado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2020.0009","article-title":"A cognitive behavioral intervention for driving for autistic teens and adults: a pilot study","volume":"3","author":"Baker-Ericz\u00e9n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autism Adulthood."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0162643419836411","article-title":"Augmented reality: teaching daily living skills to adults with intellectual disabilities","volume":"35","author":"Bridges","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Spec Educ Technol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-021-00559-6","article-title":"Efficacy of adaptive cognitive training through desktop virtual reality and paper-and-pencil in the treatment of mental and behavioral disorders","volume":"2021","author":"C\u00e2mara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virtual Real"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3164-7","article-title":"Can youth with autism spectrum disorder use virtual reality driving simulation training to evaluate and improve driving performance? An exploratory study","volume":"47","author":"Cox","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1080\/1034912X.2016.1274022","article-title":"Visuospatial orientation learning through virtual reality for people with severe disability","volume":"64","author":"de la Torre-Luque","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intl J Disabil Dev Educ"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9030348","article-title":"Effects of tooth brushing training, based on augmented reality using a smart toothbrush, on oral hygiene care among people with intellectual disability in Korea","volume":"9","author":"Jeon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2019.0076","article-title":"Virtual reality air travel training using apple iPhone X and google cardboard: a feasibility report with autistic adolescents and adults","volume":"2","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autism Adulthood."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01730","article-title":"Remote home-based virtual training of functional living skills for adolescents and young adults with intellectual disability: feasibility and preliminary results","volume":"9","author":"Panerai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-015-0010-z","article-title":"Natural interfaces and virtual environments for the acquisition of street crossing and path following skills in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: a feasibility study","volume":"12","author":"Saiano","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8428","DOI":"10.2196\/games.8428","article-title":"Virtual travel training for autism spectrum disorder: proof-of-concept interventional study","volume":"20","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3046786","DOI":"10.1145\/3046786","article-title":"Vocational rehabilitation of individuals with autism spectrum disorder with virtual reality","volume":"10","author":"Bozgeyikli","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Trans Access Comput"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3374-z","article-title":"Using virtual interactive training agents (ViTA) with adults with autism and other developmental disabilities","volume":"48","author":"Burke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04571-8","article-title":"Brief Report: improving employment interview self-efficacy among adults with autism and other developmental disabilities using virtual interactive training agents (ViTA)","volume":"51","author":"Burke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11060766","article-title":"Procedural learning through action observation: preliminary evidence from virtual gardening activity in intellectual disability","volume":"11","author":"Giachero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3233\/978-1-61499-401-5-50","article-title":"Simulated job interview improves skills for adults with serious mental illnesses","volume":"199","author":"Humm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2019.0111","article-title":"An exploratory analysis of increasing self-efficacy of adults with autism spectrum disorder through the use of multimedia training stimuli","volume":"23","author":"Kuper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2113-y","article-title":"Virtual reality job interview training in adults with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3364","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2470-1","article-title":"Brief Report: vocational outcomes for young adults with autism spectrum disorders at six months after virtual reality job interview training","volume":"45","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.05.022","article-title":"Virtual reality job interview training and 6-month employment outcomes for individuals with schizophrenia seeking employment","volume":"166","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361321989928","article-title":"Virtual interview training for autistic transition age youth: a randomized controlled feasibility and effectiveness trial","volume":"25","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autism."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/21651434221081273","article-title":"Scaling out virtual interview training for transition-age youth: a quasi-experimental hybrid effectiveness-implementation study","volume":"40","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Career Dev Transit Except Individ"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0215","article-title":"Developing a virtual reality-based vocational rehabilitation training program for patients with schizophrenia","volume":"19","author":"Sohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1800-4","article-title":"JobTIPS: a transition to employment program for individuals with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"43","author":"Strickland","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.12.024","article-title":"A virtual reality-based vocational training system (VRVTS) for people with schizophrenia in vocational rehabilitation","volume":"144","author":"Tsang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.10.014","article-title":"The acceptability and feasibility of a novel virtual reality based social skills training game for schizophrenia: preliminary findings","volume":"270","author":"Adery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00477","article-title":"A feasibility clinical trial to improve social attention in Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using a brain computer interface","volume":"12","author":"Amaral","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"148","article-title":"The \u201cdecoding of social interactions in virtual reality\u201d tasks for autism spectrum people: development of an intervention protocol and pilot testing","volume":"16","author":"Jacques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rev Cyberther Telemed."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1544-6","article-title":"Virtual reality social cognition training for young adults with high-functioning autism","volume":"43","author":"Kandalaft","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12949","article-title":"Feasibility of autism-focused public speech training using a simple virtual audience for autism spectrum disorder","volume":"74","author":"Kumazaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30053-1","article-title":"Virtual-reality-based cognitive behavioural therapy versus waiting list control for paranoid ideation and social avoidance in patients with psychotic disorders: a single-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Pot-Kolder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.02.031","article-title":"Virtual reality therapy for refractory auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: a pilot clinical trial","volume":"197","author":"du Sert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2519","article-title":"A novel virtual reality-based theory of mind intervention for outpatients with schizophrenia: a proof-of-concept pilot study","volume":"28","author":"Vass","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"B50","unstructured":"Psychosocial and computer-assisted intervention for college students with autism spectrum disorder: preliminary support for feasibility30717 WhiteSW RicheyJA GracaninD CoffmanM EliasR LaConteS 28111607Educ Train Autism Dev Disabil.512016"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103169","article-title":"Exploring the benefits of virtual reality-assisted therapy following cognitive-behavioral therapy for auditory hallucinations in patients with treatment-resistant Schizophrenia: a proof of concept","volume":"9","author":"Dellazizzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2018.0019","article-title":"Using virtual reality environments to augment cognitive behavioral therapy for fears and phobias in autistic adults","volume":"1","author":"Maskey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autism Adulthood."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2519","article-title":"A novel virtual reality-based theory of mind intervention for outpatients with schizophrenia: a proof-of-concept pilot study","volume":"28","author":"Vass","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2013.09.002","article-title":"A virtual reality-integrated program for improving social skills in patients with schizophrenia: a pilot study","volume":"45","author":"Rus-Calafell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-1140-0","article-title":"Effect of virtual reality exposure therapy on social participation in people with a psychotic disorder (VRETp): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Pot-Kolder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7412410010p1","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2020.74S2001","article-title":"Occupational therapy practice framework: domain and process\u2014fourth edition","volume":"74","author":"American","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2011.000547","article-title":"Validity of using the assessment of motor and process skills to determine the need for assistance","volume":"65","author":"Merritt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1630.2007.00725.x","article-title":"Use of the perceive, recall, plan and perform system of task analysis for persons with schizophrenia: a preliminary study","volume":"56","author":"Aubin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust Occup Ther J."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1630.2008.00763.x","article-title":"Reliability of the perceive, recall, plan and perform system of task analysis: a criterion-referenced assessment","volume":"56","author":"Nott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust Occup Ther J."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202100516","article-title":"An RCT of virtual reality job interview training for individuals with serious mental illness in IPS supported employment","volume":"73","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2291","article-title":"Effects of individual placement and support supplemented with cognitive remediation and work-focused social skills training for people with severe mental illness: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"76","author":"Christensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc Psychiatr."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1446-7","article-title":"Goal attainment scaling as an outcome measure in randomized controlled trials of psychosocial interventions in autism","volume":"42","author":"Ruble","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12107","article-title":"Interpreting standardized and idiographic outcome measures in CAMHS: what does change mean and how does it relate to functioning and experience?","volume":"20","author":"Edbrooke-Childs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2018.1432490","article-title":"Comparable achievement of client-identified, self-rated goals in intervention and no-intervention groups: reevaluating the use of Goal Attainment Scaling as an outcome measure","volume":"29","author":"Herdman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.11.016","article-title":"Do people with schizophrenia experience more negative emotion and less positive emotion in their daily lives? A meta-analysis of experience sampling studies","volume":"183","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2014.77.1.41","article-title":"Differences and similarities between functional and personal recovery in an asian population: a cluster analytic approach","volume":"77","author":"Tse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222378","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222378","article-title":"Determinants of clinical, functional and personal recovery for people with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"14","author":"Roosenschoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.083733","article-title":"Conceptual framework for personal recovery in mental health: systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"199","author":"Leamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatr."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.005012012","article-title":"Measures of personal recovery: a systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Shanks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s41465-020-00164-6","article-title":"Quantifying the difference between active and passive control groups in cognitive interventions using two meta-analytical approaches","volume":"4","author":"Au","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cogn Enhanc."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.56645\/jmde.v4i7.5","article-title":"Why an active comparison group makes a difference and what to do about it","volume":"4","author":"Datta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Eval."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1159\/000521951","article-title":"Intensity of treatment as usual and its impact on the effects of face-to-face and internet-based psychotherapy for depression: a preregistered meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"91","author":"Munder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610170","DOI":"10.3390\/su141610170","article-title":"Virtual reality and metacognition training techniques for learning disabilities","volume":"14","author":"Drigas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01259","article-title":"Lessons learnt? The importance of metacognition and its implications for Cognitive Remediation in schizophrenia","volume":"6","author":"Cella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371405900403","article-title":"Implementing a continuum of evidence-based psychosocial interventions for people with severe mental illness: part 2-review of critical implementation issues","volume":"59","author":"Briand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatr."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1055204\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T17:54:35Z","timestamp":1701539675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1055204\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1055204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1055204","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"article-number":"1055204"}}