{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:25:30Z","timestamp":1792167930808,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mild to moderate depressive disorder has a high risk of progressing to major depressive disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low-frequency amplitude and degree centrality were calculated to compare 49 patients with mild to moderate depression and 21 matched healthy controls. Correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the degree centrality (DC) of altered brain region and the scores of clinical scale. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were further analyzed to evaluate the predictive value of above altered ALFF and DC areas as image markers for mild to moderate depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with healthy controls, patients with mild to moderate depression had lower ALFF values in the left precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus [voxel <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.005, cluster <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05, Gaussian random field correction (GRF) corrected] and lower DC values in the left insula (voxel <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.005, cluster <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05, GRF corrected). There was a significant negative correlation between DC in the left insula and scale scores of Zung\u2019s Depression Scale (ZungSDS), Beck Self-Rating Depression Scale (BDI), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS26), and Ruminative Thinking Response Scale (RRS_SUM, RRS_REFLECTION, RRS_DEPR). Finally, ROC analysis showed that the ALFF of the left precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus had a sensitivity of 61.9% and a specificity of 79.6%, and the DC of the left insula had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 85.7% in differentiating mild to moderate depression from healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intrinsic abnormality of the brain was mainly located in the precuneus and insular in patients with mild to moderate depression, which provides insight into potential neurological mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1061359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T05:02:52Z","timestamp":1670389372000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Alteration of whole-brain amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and degree centrality in patients with mild to moderate depression: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fenyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxiang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2","article-title":"Depression.","volume":"392","author":"Malhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7","article-title":"Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"398","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"191","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM).","volume":"25","author":"Battle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Codas."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071425","article-title":"Epidemiology of suicide and the psychiatric perspective.","volume":"15","author":"Bachmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4543(08)70003-4","article-title":"Depression.","volume":"2","author":"Rakel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prim Care."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340409","article-title":"Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI.","volume":"4","author":"Biswal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.07.002","article-title":"Altered baseline brain activity in children with ADHD revealed by resting-state functional MRI.","volume":"29","author":"Zang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2012.02.007","article-title":"Abnormal baseline brain activity in bipolar depression: a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.","volume":"203","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205018666210324130502","article-title":"An effective brain imaging biomarker for AD and aMCI: ALFF in slow-5 frequency band.","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.017","article-title":"Structural and functional brain abnormalities in schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study at different stages of the disease.","volume":"83","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.10.048","article-title":"Alterations in the cortical thickness and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.","volume":"1490","author":"Bing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001054","article-title":"Identify abnormalities in resting-state brain function between first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder and remitted individuals: a 3-year retrospective study.","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroreport."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01036-5","article-title":"Common and distinct patterns of intrinsic brain activity alterations in major depression and bipolar disorder: a voxel-based meta-analysis.","volume":"10","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr269","article-title":"Network centrality in the human functional connectome.","volume":"22","author":"Zuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.05.017","article-title":"Differential patterns of dynamic functional connectivity variability in major depressive disorder treated with cognitive behavioral therapy.","volume":"291","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.01024","article-title":"Abnormal voxel-wise degree centrality in patients with late-life depression: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2105730118","article-title":"Altered effective connectivity in sensorimotor cortices is a signature of severity and clinical course in depression.","volume":"118","author":"Ray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8846097","article-title":"Brain networks connectivity in mild to moderate depression: resting state fMRI study with implications to nonpharmacological treatment.","volume":"2021","author":"Bezmaternykh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-016-9299-4","article-title":"DPABI: data processing & analysis for (resting-state) brain imaging.","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.762343","article-title":"Alteration of whole brain ALFF\/fALFF and degree centrality in adolescents with depression and suicidal ideation after electroconvulsive therapy: a resting-state fMRI study.","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5062-08.2009","article-title":"Cortical hubs revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity: mapping, assessment of stability, and relation to Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"29","author":"Buckner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.010","article-title":"Small-world and scale-free organization of voxel-based resting-state functional connectivity in the human brain.","volume":"43","author":"van den Heuvel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.02.011","article-title":"Shared and distinct intrinsic functional network centrality in autism and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder.","volume":"74","author":"Di Martino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B24","first-page":"357","article-title":"What is a ROC curve?","volume":"34","author":"Hoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.01.018","article-title":"Overgeneral autobiographical memory predicts diagnostic status in depression.","volume":"46","author":"Hermans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl004","article-title":"The precuneus: a review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates.","author":"Cavanna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.10.035","article-title":"Evidence of a dissociation pattern in resting-state default mode network connectivity in first-episode, treatment-naive major depression patients.","volume":"71","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23429","article-title":"Structural and functional connectivity of the precuneus and thalamus to the default mode network.","volume":"38","author":"Cunningham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S168060","article-title":"Resting-state functional changes in the precuneus within first-episode drug-naive patients with MDD.","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.012","article-title":"Shared and specific dynamics of brain segregation and integration in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.11.018","article-title":"Insular subdivisions functional connectivity dysfunction within major depressive disorder.","volume":"227","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Affect Disord."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00617","article-title":"Decreased subcortical and increased cortical degree centrality in a nonclinical college student sample with subclinical depressive symptoms: a resting-state fMRI study.","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010232","article-title":"Eigenvector centrality mapping for analyzing connectivity patterns in fMRI data of the human brain.","volume":"5","author":"Lohmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1061359\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T05:02:55Z","timestamp":1670389375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1061359\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1061359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1061359","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"article-number":"1061359"}}