{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:36:25Z","timestamp":1792409785715,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Asperger syndrome (AS) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. Although all of the clinically diagnosed cases display normal intelligence and speech functions, barriers in social interaction and communication seriously affect mental health and psychological function. In addition to traditional psychological\/behavioral training and symptomatic medication, in-depth studies of intestinal microbiota and mental health have indicated that probiotics (e.g., <jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>) can effectively reduce the occurrence of AS. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a type of biological therapy that involves the transplant of intestinal microbiota from healthy donors into the patient's gastrointestinal tract to improve the gut microenvironment. In this case report, we describe the first case of adult AS treated with FMT. The patient suffered from diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome for 6 years with symptoms of diarrhea and abdominal pain. After three rounds of FMT, the diarrhea and abdominal pain were significantly improved. Moreover, the symptoms of AS were also significantly ameliorated. We found that FMT changed the structure of the intestinal microbiota as well as the patient's serum metabolites, and these changes were consistent with the patient's symptoms. The metabolites may affect signaling pathways, as revealed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. The changes in microbial metabolites following FMT may affect other regions (e.g., the nervous system) via the circulatory system, such that the bacteria-gut-blood-brain axis may be the means through which FMT mitigates AS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.695481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T05:21:05Z","timestamp":1647321665000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["First Application of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Adult Asperger Syndrome With Digestive Symptoms\u2014A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hong-Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Ming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Di","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di-Wen","family":"Shou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Qiang","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Jian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700053332","article-title":"Asperger's syndrome: a clinical account","volume":"11","author":"Wing","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2019.0068","article-title":"Effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomised trials","volume":"10","author":"Rianda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Benef Microbes."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.12.010","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation in disease therapy","volume":"503","author":"Antushevich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6699268","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6699268","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation: a new therapeutic attempt from the gut to the brain","volume":"2021","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.51","article-title":"A possible link between early probiotic intervention and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders later in childhood: a randomized trial","volume":"77","author":"Partty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1748258","article-title":"Gut microbiota profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic literature review","volume":"11","author":"Bundgaard-Nielsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-019-00684-8","article-title":"Washed microbiota transplantation vs. manual fecal microbiota transplantation: clinical findings, animal studies and in vitro screening","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Cell."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0959-0505","article-title":"Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline - Update 2019","volume":"51","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endoscopy."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0646-2","article-title":"Step-up fecal microbiota transplantation strategy: a pilot study for steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis","volume":"13","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Transl Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E610","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-105205","article-title":"Colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing: a novel way of transplanting fecal microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-217X-1-18","article-title":"SOAPdenovo2: an empirically improved memory-efficient short-read de novo assembler","volume":"1","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gigascience."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21030245","article-title":"Phenolic compounds in chilean mistletoe (quintral, tristerix tetrandus) analyzed by UHPLC-Q\/Orbitrap\/MS\/MS and its antioxidant properties","volume":"21","author":"Simirgiotis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0222-x","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1021\/ac051437y","article-title":"XCMS: processing mass spectrometry data for metabolite profiling using nonlinear peak alignment, matching, and identification","volume":"78","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal Chem."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D608","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1089","article-title":"HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018","volume":"46","author":"Wishart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.1113\/JP276431","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids: microbial metabolites that alleviate stress-induced brain-gut axis alterations","volume":"596","author":"van de Wouw","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0157-3","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication","volume":"16","author":"Dalile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.695481\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T05:21:06Z","timestamp":1647321666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.695481\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.695481"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.695481","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"article-number":"695481"}}