{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:26:17Z","timestamp":1753892777920,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004356","name":"Svensk F\u00f6rening f\u00f6r S\u00f6mnforskning och S\u00f6mnmedicin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Men have previously been overrepresented in gambling for money but in recent years there has been an increase in recognition that women who gamble are \u201ccatching up\u201d with their male counterparts. There have been few experimental studies investigating the subjective effects of gambling, and even less have explored the gender differences. As gender differences previously have been reported in the subjective effects of several drugs of abuse such as opioids, amphetamines and alcohol, we sought to investigate if the subjective effects of gambling also differed by gender. The present article analyzes if gender modulates the subjective and physiological effects of an acute laboratory gambling task in healthy men and women. Eighty-two men and women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 35 men, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 47 women) were tested with an online slot machine gambling session and self-report questionnaires of mood and blood pressure were taken before and after gambling. Both men and women showed stimulatory effects of gambling i.e., feelings of high and euphoria and but no differences were found between genders. Findings suggest that both men and women equally experience a pattern of stimulatory effects of gambling from the gambling situation. Gambling therefore seems to have the same abuse potential in both men and women. Although the gap between men and women is narrowing, immediate subjective and physiologic responses do not explain gender differences in the epidemiology of pathological gambling. The contexts and factors that foster or hinder the evolution of gambling addiction in males and females should be further explored. This conclusion is interesting in light of that men are over three times more at risk to experience gambling related problems than women and this risk may depend on other factors involved in the development of addiction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.702298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T05:45:00Z","timestamp":1654494300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subjective and Cardiovascular Responses to an Acute Laboratory Gambling Task in Men and Women"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Louise","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"S\u00f6derpalm Gordh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":""},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.068","article-title":"Types of gambling and levels of harm: a UK study to assess severity of presentation in a treatment-seeking population","volume":"5","author":"Ronzitti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Behav Addict."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-019-0284-8","article-title":"Women and gambling-related harm: a narrative literature review and implications for research, policy, and practice","volume":"16","author":"McCarthy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"volume-title":"New Zealand 2012 National Gambling Study: Overview and Gambling Participation","year":"2014","author":"Abbott","key":"B4"},{"volume-title":"Study of Gambling and Health in Victoria: Findings From the Victorian Prevalence Study 2014.","year":"2015","author":"Hare","key":"B5"},{"volume-title":"British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010","year":"2010","author":"Wardle","key":"B6"},{"volume-title":"Portrait of Gambling in Quebec: Prevalence, Incidence and Trajectories Over Four Years","year":"2011","author":"Kairouz","key":"B7"},{"volume-title":"Finnish Gambling","year":"2011","author":"Turja","key":"B8"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9396-3","article-title":"Gambling and problem gambling in Sweden: changes between 1998 and 2009","volume":"30","author":"Abbott","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14083","article-title":"The prevalence, incidence, and gender and age-specific incidence of problem gambling: results of the Swedish longitudinal gambling study (Swelogs)","volume":"113","author":"Abbott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e022129","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022129","article-title":"Trends in gambling participation and gambling severity among Finnish men and women: cross-sectional population surveys in 2007, 2010 and 2015","volume":"8","author":"Castr\u00e9n","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000674","article-title":"Gambler clusters and problem gambling severity: a cluster analysis of Swedish gamblers accessing an online problem gambling screener","volume":"35","author":"Wall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Addict."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00255","article-title":"Who seeks treatment when medicine opens the door to pathological gambling patients-psychiatric comorbidity and heavy predominance of online gambling","volume":"8","author":"H\u00e5kansson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9699-x","article-title":"Near-misses and stop buttons in slot machine play: an investigation of how they affect players, and may foster erroneous cognitions","volume":"34","author":"Dixon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.1.2012.2.2","article-title":"Internet gambling and risk-taking among students: an exploratory study","volume":"1","author":"McBride","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Behav Addict."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-015-9558-6","article-title":"The challenge of online gambling: the effect of legalization on the increase in online gambling addiction","volume":"32","author":"Ch\u00f3liz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0099-7","article-title":"Gambling disorder","volume":"5","author":"Potenza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13356","article-title":"Gambling Disorder: an intergrative review of animal and human studies: an intergrative review of gambling disorders","volume":"1394","author":"Nautiyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.12784.1","article-title":"An overview of gambling disorder: from treatment approaches to risk factors","volume":"9","author":"Menchon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Peer Rev."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09851-2","article-title":"Problem gambling and psychiatric comorbidity-risk and temporal sequencing among women and men: results from the swelogs case-control study","volume":"35","author":"Sundqvist","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20030247","article-title":"Subjective responses to alcohol in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder","volume":"178","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.7.3.274","article-title":"Sex and menstrual cycle differences in the subjective effects from smoked cocaine in humans","volume":"7","author":"Sofuoglu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2007.05.003","article-title":"Similar discriminative-stimulus effects of D-amphetamine in women and men","volume":"87","author":"Vansickel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00805.x","article-title":"Alcohol impairment of behavior in men and women","volume":"99","author":"Fillmore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.9.1639","article-title":"Sex differences in amphetamine-induced displacement of [(18)F]fallypride in striatal and extrastriatal regions: a PET study","volume":"163","author":"Riccardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-5083-5","article-title":"Lack of consistent sex differences in D-amphetamine-induced dopamine release measured with [18F]fallypride PET","volume":"236","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.10.012","article-title":"Psychopharmalogical effects of oxycodone in healthy volunteers: roles of alcohol-drinking status and sex","volume":"107","author":"Zacny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1703-4","article-title":"Evaluation of potential sex differences in the subjective and analgesic effects of morphine in normal, healthy volunteers","volume":"208","author":"Comer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05276-2","article-title":"Gender differences in the behavioral and subjective effects of methamphetamine in healthy humans","volume":"236","author":"Mayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(02)00716-5","article-title":"Effects of progesterone treatment on smoked cocaine response in women","volume":"72","author":"Sofuoglu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-001-0944-7","article-title":"The effects of smoked cocaine during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in women","volume":"159","author":"Evans","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301295","article-title":"A D2 antagonist enhances the rewarding and priming effects of a gambling episode in pathological gamblers","volume":"32","author":"Zack","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2010.491879","article-title":"Computer and video game addiction-a comparison between game users and non-game users","volume":"36","author":"Weinstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300333","article-title":"Amphetamine primes motivation to gamble and gambling-related sematic networks in problem gamblers","volume":"29","author":"Zack","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473710902010011","article-title":"Parallel roles for dopamine in pathological gambling and psychostimulant addiction","volume":"2","author":"Zack","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Drug Abuse Rev"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9304-2","article-title":"Arousal and gambling mode preference: a review of the literature","volume":"29","author":"Baudinet","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02107111","article-title":"The role of subjective mood states in the maintenance of fruit machine gambling behavior","volume":"11","author":"Griffiths","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.03.030","article-title":"Differences between problem and nonproblem gamblers in subjective arousal and affective valence amongst electronic gaming machine players","volume":"29","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"volume-title":"Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Self-evaluation Questionnaire)","year":"1970","author":"Spielberger","key":"B39"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.9668718.x","article-title":"Gender differences, physiological arousal and the role of winning in fruit machine gamblers","volume":"96","author":"Coventry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(79)90007-6","article-title":"Sensation seeking and psychopathology","volume":"1","author":"Zuckerman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOGS.0000016706.96540.43","article-title":"Patterns of autonomic arousal in imaginal situations of winning and losing in problem gambling","volume":"20","author":"Sharpe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-007-9040-z","article-title":"Physiological effects of slot play in women","volume":"32","author":"Yucha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-020-09952-3","article-title":"High recreational gamblers show increased stimulatory effects of an acute laboratory gambling challenge","volume":"37","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x","article-title":"A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling","volume":"97","author":"Blaszczynski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders","year":"2013","key":"B46"},{"volume-title":"AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test","year":"1992","author":"Babor","key":"B47"},{"volume-title":"Scl-90-r: Symptom Checklist-90-R: Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual","year":"1994","author":"Derogatis","key":"B48"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032542","article-title":"The subjective effects of alcohol scale: development and psychometric evaluation of a novel assessment tool for measuring subjective responses to alcohol","volume":"25","author":"Morean","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1966.18.1.163","article-title":"Development of scales based on patterns of drug effects, using the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI)","volume":"18","author":"Haertzen","year":"1966","journal-title":"Psychol Rep."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1037\/xap0000057","article-title":"Humanizing machines: anthropomorphization of slot machines increases gambling","volume":"21","author":"Riva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Appl."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(91)90054-3","article-title":"Testing the abuse liability of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs in humans","volume":"28","author":"De Wit","year":"1991","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01749.x","article-title":"Utility of subjective-effects measurements in assessing abuse liability of drugs in humans","volume":"86","author":"Fischman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Addict."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.04.005","article-title":"Do Initial responses to drugs predict future use or abuse?","volume":"36","author":"De Wit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2954-z","article-title":"The drug effects questionnaire: psychometric support across three drug types","volume":"227","author":"Morean","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B56","unstructured":"Physiologic, subjective and behavioural effects of amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, phenmetrazine and methylphenidate in man24559\n            MartinW\n            SloanJ\n            SapiraJ\n            JasinskiR\n          10.1002\/cpt1971122part12455554941Clin Pharmacol Ther.121971"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(86)90062-6","article-title":"Stimulation of gambling responses on the Addiction Research Center Inventory","volume":"11","author":"Hickey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01748.x","article-title":"History of abuse liability testing in humans","volume":"86","author":"Jasinski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Addict."},{"year":"2017","key":"B59"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01081.x","article-title":"High risk groups often have higher levels of alcohol response than low risk: the other side of the coin","volume":"34","author":"Newlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Alcoholism Exp Res."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.08.001","article-title":"Alcohol challenge responses predict future alcohol use disorder symptoms: a 6-year prospective study","volume":"75","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Neurosci Ther."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005-7967(02)00036-0","article-title":"Group therapy for pathological gamblers: a cognitive approach","volume":"41","author":"Ladouceur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30909","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030909","article-title":"Response inhibition during cue reactivity in problem gamblers: an fMRI study","volume":"7","author":"van Holst","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03126.x","article-title":"Dopamine release in ventral striatum during Iowa Gambling Task performance is associated with increased excitement levels in pathological gambling","volume":"106","author":"Linnet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106071","article-title":"Psychosocial risk factors in disordered gambling: a descriptive systematic overview of vulnerable populations","volume":"99","author":"Sharman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0393-9","article-title":"Impulsivity in Gambling Disorder and problem gambling: a meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9653-3","article-title":"Understanding the relationship between sports-relevant gambling and being at-risk for a gambling problem among american adolescents","volume":"33","author":"Marchica","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-9002-4","article-title":"A Gender-based examination of past-year recreational gamblers","volume":"22","author":"Potenza","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0413","article-title":"Factors at play in faster progression for female pathological gamblers: an exploratory analysis","volume":"64","author":"Tavares","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09884-7","article-title":"Gender differences in gambling exposure and at-risk gambling behavior","volume":"36","author":"Carneiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9305-1","article-title":"Examining gender differences for gambling engagement and gambling problems among emerging adults","volume":"29","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.16.1.76","article-title":"Disordered gambling among university-based medical and dental patients: a focus on internet gambling","volume":"16","author":"Ladd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/0471234311.ch24","article-title":"Epidemiology of mood and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents","volume-title":"Textbook in Psychiatric Epidemiology.","author":"Merikangas","year":"2002"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000333036","article-title":"Why do young people start drinking? Motives for first-time alcohol consumption and links to risky drinking in early adolescence","volume":"18","author":"Kuntsche","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-009-9244-1","article-title":"Community treatment for problem gambling: sex differences in outcome and process","volume":"45","author":"Toneatto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun Ment Health J"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.03.038","article-title":"How psychological symptoms relate to different motivations for gambling: an online study of internet gamblers","volume":"68","author":"Lloyd","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-015-9548-8","article-title":"Risk factors for gambling problems: an analysis by gender","volume":"32","author":"Hing","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-008-9174-0","article-title":"Female pathological gamblers\u2014a critical review of the clinical findings","volume":"7","author":"Wenzel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00426","article-title":"Primary and secondary diagnoses of gambling disorder and psychiatric comorbidity in the Swedish health care system-a nationwide register study","volume":"9","author":"H\u00e5kansson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-016-0108-9","article-title":"Gambling disorder and minority populations: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"3","author":"Okuda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00007","article-title":"Over-indebtedness and problem gambling in a general population sample of online gamblers","volume":"11","author":"H\u00e5kansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9408-3","article-title":"Predictors of relapse in problem gambling: a prospective cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.02.028","article-title":"Gender differences in temporal relationships between gambling urge and cognitions in treatment-seeking adults","volume":"262","author":"Dunsmuir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.7.1093","article-title":"Taking chances: problem gamblers and mental health disorders\u2013results from the St. Louis Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study","volume":"88","author":"Cunningham-Williams","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108491","article-title":"Sex differences in vulnerability to addiction","volume":"187","author":"Quigley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1009550724836","article-title":"Psychophysiological assessment of compulsive gamblers' arousal to gambling cues: a pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Blanchard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02374.x","article-title":"Cognitive, dispositional, and psychophysiological correlates of dependent slot machine gambling in young people","volume":"24","author":"Carroll","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Psychol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2005.08.021","article-title":"How long shall the patient rest before clinic blood pressure measurement?","volume":"19","author":"Sala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12775-9","article-title":"A minimal resting time of 25 min is needed before measuring stabilized blood pressure in subjects addressed for vascular investigations","volume":"7","author":"Mahe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085146","article-title":"Sex differences and blood pressure regulation in humans","volume":"101","author":"Joyner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Physiol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.00942.x","article-title":"A comparison of the autonomic arousal of frequent, infrequent and non-gamblers while playing fruit machines","volume":"100","author":"Moodie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9190-4","article-title":"The appropriateness of using laboratories and student participants in gambling research","volume":"27","author":"Gainsbury","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.702298\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T05:45:17Z","timestamp":1654494317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.702298\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.702298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.702298","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-0640"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"article-number":"702298"}}