{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:24:21Z","timestamp":1785770661906,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aimed to assess the frequency of trauma exposure, the prevalence of possible post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the extent of resilience, and sense of coherence among personnel of the Swiss alpine rescue association (ARS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a trilingual online survey approach, 465 mountain rescuers of the ARS were surveyed using the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), the PTSD Checklist 5 (PCL-5), the Resilience Scale 13 and 14 (RS-13\/-14), the Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS-10), the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12), the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Sense of Coherence Scale 13 (SOC-13), and the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the rate of mountain rescuers having witnessed or experienced a traumatic event was high (71%), the prevalence of possible PTSD was low (0.9%). The sample showed high resilience and high sense of coherence. Resilience was positively correlated with work experience. Low perceived stress and high sense of coherence predicted resilience. The severity of PTSD symptoms was mainly predicted by low sense of coherence. Sense of coherence mediated the interaction between resilience and severity of PTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings suggest that resilience and sense of coherence are indicative for the low prevalence of possible PTSD among mountain rescuers, and may therefore represent valuable screening and training parameters for mountain rescue personnel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.780498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T23:19:58Z","timestamp":1648509598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Resilience and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the Swiss Alpine Rescue Association"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Mikutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia J.","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Ehlert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0408-2","article-title":"Rescuers at risk: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of the worldwide current prevalence and correlates of PTSD in rescue workers","volume":"47","author":"Berger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562840","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2018.1562840","article-title":"Secondary traumatization in first responders: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Greinacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3109\/10903127.2011.621044","article-title":"Work-related stress and posttraumatic stress in emergency medical services","volume":"16","author":"Donnelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1017\/cem.2015.92","article-title":"Predictors of posttraumatic stress and preferred sources of social support among Canadian paramedics","volume":"18","author":"Donnelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"CJEM."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000191","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress symptom severity, prevalence and impact in ambulance clinicians: the hidden extent of distress in the emergency services","volume":"25","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Traumatology."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415615217","article-title":"The mental health of fire-fighters: an examination of the impact of repeated trauma exposure","volume":"50","author":"Harvey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02752-4","article-title":"The effects of emergency medical service work on the psychological, physical, and social well-being of ambulance personnel: a systematic review of qualitative research","volume":"20","author":"Lawn","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1539-5","article-title":"Prevalence of PTSD and common mental disorders amongst ambulance personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Petrie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000251","article-title":"Ambulance personnel: systematic review of mental health symptoms","volume":"26","author":"Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Traumatology."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23120","article-title":"Systematic review of posttraumatic stress disorder in police officers following routine work-related critical incident exposure","volume":"63","author":"Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2016.9.1.57","article-title":"PTSD in paramedics: direct versus indirect threats, posttraumatic cognitions, and dealing with intrusions","volume":"9","author":"Michael","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cogn Ther."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602064","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.602064","article-title":"Rescuers at risk: posttraumatic stress symptoms among police officers, fire fighters, ambulance personnel, and emergency and psychiatric nurses","volume":"11","author":"Soravia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167464","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167464","article-title":"Predicting suicide risk in trauma exposed veterans: the role of health promoting behaviors","volume":"11","author":"Debeer","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2627","article-title":"Psychological resilience of workers in high-risk occupations","volume":"30","author":"De Terte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stress Health J Int Soc Invest Stress."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/15325020600945962","article-title":"Resilience is not the absence of PTSD any more than health is the absence of disease","volume":"12","author":"Almedom","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Loss Trauma."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465813000337","article-title":"PTSD in paramedics: resilience and sense of coherence","volume":"42","author":"Streb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764722","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1764722","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder in volunteer firefighters: influence of specific risk and protective factors","volume":"11","author":"Schnell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2017.1368703","article-title":"Personality characteristics and individual factors associated with PTSD in firefighters one month after extended wildfires","volume":"72","author":"Psarros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(04)00049-2","article-title":"Adjustment to trauma exposure: prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in mountain guides","volume":"57","author":"Sommer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."},{"key":"B20","unstructured":"Bergnotfall-Statistik.\n            BardillA\n            Daniel BreitenmoserD\n            TissiM\n            ZellerS\n            DerrerP\n            TechelF\n          2020"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"226","article-title":"Die Resilienzskala (RS)\u2013\u00dcberprder Langform RS-25 und einer Kurzform RS-13","volume":"1","author":"Leppert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Klinische Diagnostik und Evaluation."},{"key":"B22","first-page":"165","article-title":"Development and psychometric","volume":"1","author":"Wagnild","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nurs Meas."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S115657","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Italian version of the 14-item Resilience Scale","volume":"9","author":"Callegari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02704-y","article-title":"Correlates of mental health in occupations at risk for traumatization: a cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B25","volume-title":"Das HEDE-Training \u2013 Manual zur Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung auf Basis der Salutogenese","author":"Franke","year":"2009"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00584015","article-title":"Psychiatric screening in general practice in Italy. A validity study of the GHQ (General Health Questionnaire)","volume":"22","author":"Bellantuono","year":"1987","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry."},{"key":"B27","unstructured":"2013"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0161645","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161645","article-title":"Psychometric validation of the english and french versions of the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)","volume":"11","author":"Ashbaugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1541-6","article-title":"The German version of the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Psychometric properties and diagnostic utility","volume":"17","author":"Kr-Gottschalk","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000176","article-title":"Conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of traumatic stress in first responders: a review of critical issues","volume":"26","author":"Lewis-Schroeder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry."},{"key":"B31","unstructured":"2021"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.64.4.742","article-title":"Psychophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder related to motor vehicle accidents: replication andextension","volume":"64","author":"Blanchard","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.2478\/s13382-012-0024-8","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the French versions of the perceived stress scale","volume":"25","author":"Lesage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Occup Med Environ Health."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2020.03.004","article-title":"Measuring stress in clinical and nonclinical subjects using a German adaptation of the Perceived Stress Scale","volume":"20","author":"Schneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Clin Health Psychol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-019-0132-8","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of three versions of the Italian perceived stress scale","volume":"40","author":"Mondo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Psychol."},{"key":"B37","unstructured":"CohenS,.\n          Perceived Stress Scale by Sheldon Cohen Hosted by Mind Garden. Mindgarden1994"},{"key":"B38","volume-title":"Questionnaire de sant\u00e982 GHQ-12","author":"Bettschart","year":"2016"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10898.x","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ- 12) in a German primary care sample","volume":"100","author":"Schmitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"key":"B40","volume-title":"The Detection of Psychiatric Illness by Questionnaire: A Technique for the Identification and Assessment of Non-psychotic Illness","author":"Goldberg","year":"1972"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B42","volume-title":"Behandlung von Schlafst\u00f6rungen","author":"Riemann","year":"1996"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1085-y","article-title":"Validity of the Italian version of the pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)","volume":"34","author":"Curcio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"447","article-title":"Evaluation de l'insomnie: Validation de trois questionnaires [Assessment of insomnia: validation of three questionnaires]","volume":"23","author":"Blais","year":"1997","journal-title":"L'Enc\u00e9phale."},{"key":"B45","volume-title":"Unraveling the Mystery of Health: How People Manage Stress and Stay Well","author":"Antonovsky","year":"1988"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(00)00205-1","article-title":"Latent structure of the sense of coherence scale in a French sample","volume":"31","author":"Gana","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-814787","article-title":"Die Sense of coherence scale von Antonovsky und das Vorliegen einer psychiatrischen Diagnose","volume":"54","author":"Hann\u00f6ver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychother Psychos"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901208010001","article-title":"Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale: cultural validation of soc questionnaire and socio-demographic patterns in an Italian population","volume":"8","author":"Sardu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Pract Epidemiol Mental Health."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2003.018085","article-title":"Validity of Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale: a systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Eriksson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1026\/\/0012-1924.49.2.73","article-title":"Soziale Unterstbei der Krankheitsbew\u00e4ltigung: Die Berliner Social Support Skalen (BSSS)","volume":"49","author":"Schwarzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diagnostica."},{"key":"B51","volume-title":"Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis","author":"Hayes","year":"2018"},{"key":"B52","first-page":"78","article-title":"Trauma-Ausmass und ausgew\u00e4hlte Pr\u00e4diktoren in einer Studie mit Feuerwehr-und Rettungskr\u00e4ften","volume":"13","author":"Krutolewitsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trauma."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-101680","article-title":"Posttraumatic growth after profession-related traumatization in rescue workers","volume":"67","author":"Krutolewitsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000536","article-title":"Work-related and nonwork stressors, PTSD, and psychological distress: prevalence and attributable burden among Australian police and emergency services employees","volume-title":"Psychol Trauma.","author":"Kyron","year":"2019"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2021.1893631","article-title":"Mental health and wellbeing of Australian police and emergency services employees","volume-title":"Arch Environ Occup Health","author":"Kyron","year":"2021"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173213","article-title":"Secondary traumatization, psychological stress, and resilience in psychosocial emergency care personnel","volume":"16","author":"Greinacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110915426.33","article-title":"Emergency response service personnel and the critical incident stress debriefing debate","volume":"7","author":"Wagner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Ment Health."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp100","article-title":"Psychological impact upon London Ambulance Service of the 2005 bombings","volume":"59","author":"Misra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Occup Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490090106","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress reactions in volunteer firefighters","volume":"9","author":"Bryant","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490090310","article-title":"Voluntary and professional disaster-workers: similarities and differences in reactions","volume":"9","author":"Dyregrov","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.06.058","article-title":"The impact of trauma exposure on the development of PTSD and psychological distress in a volunteer fire service","volume":"270","author":"Milligan-Saville","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(96)00050-5","article-title":"Psychological sequelae of mountain accidents: a preliminary study","volume":"41","author":"Peck","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-20187","article-title":"M\u00f6glichkeiten der Selbstrettung und posttraumatische Belastungsst\u00f6rungen beim Lawinenunfall","volume":"18","author":"Brugger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Der Notarzt."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20609","article-title":"Frequency of and subjective response to critical incidents in the prediction of PTSD in emergency personnel","volume":"24","author":"Declercq","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1037\/cbs0000115","article-title":"Exposures to potentially traumatic events among public safety personnel in Canada","volume":"51","author":"Carleton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Canad J Behav Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.12.003","article-title":"Cumulative exposure to work-related traumatic events and current post-traumatic stress disorder in New York City's first responders","volume":"74","author":"Geronazzo-Alman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B67","first-page":"S14","article-title":"Resilience among first responders","volume":"8","author":"Pietrantoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/1534765610396727","article-title":"Resilience in ambulance service paramedics and its relationships with well-being and general health","volume":"18","author":"Gayton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Traumatology."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000124","article-title":"Psychological resilience: a review and critique of definitions, concepts, and theory","volume":"18","author":"Fletcher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Psychol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20242","article-title":"Partial and full PTSD in Brazilian ambulance workers: prevalence and impact on health and on quality of life","volume":"20","author":"Berger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2018.08.005","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in police, firefighters, and emergency dispatchers","volume":"43","author":"Klimley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Behav."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2020.1728494","article-title":"Distinguishing firefighters with subthreshold PTSD from firefighters with probable PTSD or low symptoms","volume":"26","author":"Chiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Loss Trauma."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370310001625649","article-title":"A preliminary investigation of post-traumatic stress symptoms among firefighters","volume":"17","author":"Haslam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Work Stress."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2018.1562839","article-title":"The relationship between sense of coherence and post-traumatic stress: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Sch\u00e4fer Sk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2065-z","article-title":"Sense of coherence is linked to post-traumatic growth after critical incidents in Austrian ambulance personnel","volume":"19","author":"Ragger","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B76","first-page":"141","article-title":"Coping strategies and hardiness as predictors of stress among rescue workers","volume":"32","author":"Jamal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pakistan J Psychol Res."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s11896-018-9255-3","article-title":"Assessment of stress and resiliency in emergency dispatchers","volume":"33","author":"Steinkopf","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Police Crimin Psychol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.02.031","article-title":"Resilience buffers the impact of traumatic events on the development of PTSD symptoms in firefighters","volume":"162","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.35502\/jcswb.116","article-title":"Impact of The HEROES Project on first responders' well-being","volume":"51","author":"Blumberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Commun Safety Well-Being."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-9803-9.ch009","article-title":"The HEROES project: Building mental resilience in first responders.","volume-title":"Mental Health Intervention and Treatment of First Responders and Emergency Workers.","author":"Thornton","year":"2020"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9199-z","article-title":"Sense of coherence predicts change in life satisfaction among home-living residents in the community with mental health problems: a 1-year follow-up study","volume":"16","author":"Langeland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-011-9640-9","article-title":"Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: a literature review","volume":"47","author":"Krumpal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qual Quant."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.780498\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T23:20:19Z","timestamp":1648509619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.780498\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.780498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.780498","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"article-number":"780498"}}