{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:02:58Z","timestamp":1790020978933,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychotherapeutic approaches in late-life anxiety have limited effect on reducing worry severity. The self-referential processing of worry contents (self- vs. other-focused worry) and reappraisal styles (internal vs. external locus of control) are important elements in psychotherapy, but little is known about these processes in late-life. We aimed to characterize severe worry from a self-referential processing perspective. We recruited 104 older adults with various levels of worry and used a personalized task to induce and reappraise worry. We analyzed the association between (1) worry severity\/frequency for worry content (self- or other-focused) and (2) for reappraisal style (internal vs. external locus of control) with clinical inventories measuring anxiety, worry, depression, rumination, neuroticism, emotion regulation strategies, perceived stress, and physical illness burden. Higher self-worry severity was associated with higher scores of clinical inventories of worry, depression, perceived stress, and neuroticism, whereas other-worry severity did not show any association. Greater self-worry frequency was associated with higher medical burden. External locus of control in reappraisal statements was associated with lower worry severity in men. Overall, more severe and frequent self-focused worry was associated with a greater psychological and physiological burden. These results are useful in tailoring psychotherapy for older adults with severe worry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.780745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T05:04:10Z","timestamp":1655874250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Thinking of Me or Thinking of You? Behavioral Correlates of Self vs. Other Centered Worry and Reappraisal in Late-Life"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Akiko","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmet Talib","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordyn","family":"Newmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiha","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew Joseph","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa M.","family":"Neppach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MaKayla","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard Jay","family":"Aizenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas S.","family":"Mennin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Andreescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.11.008","article-title":"The prevalence of anxiety in older adults: methodological issues and a review of the literature","volume":"109","author":"Bryant","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.10409.x","article-title":"Physician office visits of adults for anxiety disorders in the United States, 1985-1998","volume":"17","author":"Harman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1004","article-title":"Anxiety disorder and accompanying subjective memory loss in the elderly as a predictor of future cognitive decline","volume":"18","author":"Sinoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.09.010","article-title":"Old worries and new anxieties: behavioral symptoms and mild cognitive impairment in a population study","volume":"22","author":"Andreescu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.009","article-title":"Aging faster: worry and rumination in late life are associated with greater brain age","volume":"101","author":"Karim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HCR.0000265036.24157.e7","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety disorders in men and women with established coronary heart disease","volume":"27","author":"Todaro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.003741","article-title":"Prospective study of anxiety and incident stroke","volume":"45","author":"Lambiase","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.05.041","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of anxiety as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease","volume":"118","author":"Emdin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008351","article-title":"Consequences of anxiety in older persons: its effect on disability, well-being and use of health services","volume":"29","author":"De Beurs","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.71.1.31","article-title":"Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults","volume":"71","author":"Wetherell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2011.46","article-title":"Deficient prefrontal attentional control in late-life generalized anxiety disorder: an fMRI investigation","volume":"1","author":"Price","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00028-7","article-title":"Task switching","volume":"7","author":"Monsell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167207305537","article-title":"Better late than never? on the dynamics of online regulation of sadness using distraction and cognitive reappraisal","volume":"33","author":"Sheppes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860120065069","article-title":"Worry content reported by older adults with and without generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"5","author":"Diefenbach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.18.3.622","article-title":"DSM-IV criteria for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: distinguishing the worried from the well","volume":"18","author":"Wetherell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Aging."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12038","article-title":"What, me worry and ruminate about DSM-5 and RDoC? The importance of targeting negative self-referential processing","volume":"20","author":"Mennin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Psychol (New York)."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1985.57.3f.1063","article-title":"Relationship between private self-consciousness and anxiety scores in threatening situations","volume":"57","author":"Wells","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychol Rep."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01173522","article-title":"Attentional nonspecificity in depressive and generalized anxious affective states","volume":"14","author":"Ingram","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.4.638","article-title":"Self-focused attention and negative affect: a meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Mor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0092976","article-title":"Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement","volume":"80","author":"Rotter","year":"1966","journal-title":"Psychol Monogr."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.45.4.489","article-title":"Internal versus external control of reinforcement: a case history of a variable","volume":"45","author":"Rotter","year":"1990","journal-title":"American psychologist."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(96)80018-9","article-title":"Measurement of perceived control over anxiety-related events","volume":"27","author":"Rapee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Ther."},{"key":"B23","volume-title":"Anxiety and its disorders: the nature and treatment of anxiety and panic.","year":"2004"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.62.4.446","article-title":"Locus of control, coping behaviors, and performance in a stress setting: a longitudinal study","volume-title":"J Appl Psychol.","author":"Anderson","year":"1977"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02650.x","article-title":"Locus of control in chronic anxiety disorders","volume":"72","author":"Hoehn-Saric","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1099-1166(1998100)13:10<717::aid-gps857>3.0.co;2-m","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in later life: a report from the longitudinal aging study Amsterdam","volume":"13","author":"Beekman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20799","article-title":"Altered cerebral blood flow patterns associated with pathologic worry in the elderly","volume":"28","author":"Andreescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.05.003","article-title":"Emotion reactivity and regulation in late-life generalized anxiety disorder: functional connectivity at baseline and post-treatment","volume":"23","author":"Andreescu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1204","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.180","article-title":"In the grip of worry: cerebral blood flow changes during worry induction and reappraisal in late-life generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"7","author":"Karim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."},{"key":"B30","first-page":"114","article-title":"The modified mini-mental state examination (3MS)","volume":"41","author":"Teng","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90135-6","article-title":"Development and validation of the Penn State worry questionnaire","volume":"28","author":"Meyer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(88)90072-9","article-title":"The Hamilton anxiety scale: reliability, validity and sensitivity to change in anxiety and depressive disorders","volume":"14","author":"Maier","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.1.20","article-title":"Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood","volume":"102","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5703_2","article-title":"The five-factor model and its assessment in clinical settings","volume":"57","author":"Mccrae","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume-title":"J Health Soc Behav.","author":"Cohen","year":"1983"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.348","article-title":"Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being","volume-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol.","author":"Gross","year":"2003"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(92)90005-N","article-title":"Rating chronic medical illness burden in geropsychiatric practice and research: application of the cumulative illness rating scale","volume":"41","author":"Miller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The psychophysics toolbox","volume":"10","author":"Brainard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spat Vis."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics."},{"key":"B41","unstructured":"The measurement of interrater agreement223\n            FleissJL\n            LevinB\n            PaikMC\n          Statistical methods for rates and proportions.21981"},{"key":"B42","volume-title":"\u201cR: A language and Environment for Statistical Computing\u201d","year":"2013"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2013.10.025","article-title":"Recursive partitioning for missing data imputation in the presence of interaction effects","volume":"72","author":"Doove","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computational Statistics Data Analysis."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2018.1530680","article-title":"Rebutting existing misconceptions about multiple imputation as a method for handling missing data","volume":"102","author":"Van Ginkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22476","article-title":"The neural correlates of worry in association with individual differences in neuroticism","volume":"35","author":"Servaas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x","article-title":"Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso","volume":"58","author":"Tibshirani","year":"1996","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1975.10479105","article-title":"Ridge regression in practice","volume":"29","author":"Marquardt","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am Stat."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-019-2778-5","article-title":"eNetXplorer: an R package for the quantitative exploration of elastic net families for generalized linear models","volume":"20","author":"Candia","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2202\/1544-6115.1585","article-title":"Permutation P-values should never be zero: calculating exact P-values when permutations are randomly drawn","volume":"9","author":"Phipson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1214\/13-AOS1175","article-title":"A significance test for the lasso","volume":"42","author":"Lockhart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Stat."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00050-9","article-title":"Emotional processing, three modes of mind and the prevention of relapse in depression","volume-title":"Behav Res Ther.","author":"Teasdale","year":"1999"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.01.009","article-title":"Adaptive and maladaptive ruminative self-focus during emotional processing","volume":"42","author":"Watkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09091264","article-title":"Limitations of the hamilton anxiety rating scale as a primary outcome measure in randomized, controlled trials of treatments for generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"167","author":"Koerner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B54","article-title":"Is worry different from rumination?","author":"Hoyer","year":"2009"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.6.3.356","article-title":"Spontaneous emotion regulation during evaluated speaking tasks: associations with negative affect, anxiety expression, memory, and physiological responding","volume":"6","author":"Egloff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emotion."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2010.544160","article-title":"Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: a dual-process framework","volume":"25","author":"Gyurak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cogn Emot."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n1011","article-title":"Gender differences in generalized anxiety disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)","volume":"69","author":"Vesga-Lopez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511665684.003","article-title":"\u201cPsychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation,\u201d","volume-title":"Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences","author":"Baltes","year":"1990"},{"key":"B59","first-page":"796","article-title":"\u201cResilience in later adulthood and old age: resources and potentials for successful aging","author":"Greve","year":"2006"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-011-9108-z","article-title":"Predictors of health locus of control in older adults","volume":"30","author":"Jacobs-Lawson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Psychol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024780","article-title":"An invariant dimensional liability model of gender differences in mental disorder prevalence: evidence from a national sample","volume":"121","author":"Eaton N","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.05.004","article-title":"Sex differences in anxiety and depression clinical perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Altemus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B63","article-title":"\u201cOlder adults who need caregiving and the family caregivers who help them, In: Families Caring for an Aging America","year":"2016"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.090282","article-title":"Rumination-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy for residual depression: phase II randomised controlled trial","volume":"199","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.06.006","article-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes","volume":"44","author":"Hayes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"B66","volume-title":"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy","author":"Hayes","year":"2009"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2010.07.002","article-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: a preliminary report","volume":"42","author":"Wetherell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Ther."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab059","article-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy for late-life treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder: a feasibility study","volume":"50","author":"Gould","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.780745\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T05:04:22Z","timestamp":1655874262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.780745\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.780745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.780745","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"article-number":"780745"}}