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We aimed to investigate the progression of depressive and anxiety symptoms among a cohort of children in the initial epicenter of COVID-19 in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two waves of surveys were conducted in the same two primary schools in Wuhan and Huangshi, Hubei province: Wave 1 from 28 February to 5 March, 2020 (children had been confined to home for 30\u201340 days) and Wave 2 from 27 November to 9 December, 2020 (schools had reopened for nearly 3 months). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were estimated using the Children's Depression Inventory \u2013 Short Form (CDI-S) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), respectively. \u0394CDI-S and \u0394SCARED scores between Wave 2 and Wave 1 were calculated and further categorized into tertiles. Multivariable linear regression and multinomial logistic regression models were then applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,224 children completed both surveys. The prevalence of mental health outcomes at Wave 2 increased significantly compared to Wave 1, specifically depressive symptoms (age-standardized prevalence rates: 37.5 vs. 21.8%) and anxiety symptoms (age-standardized prevalence rates: 24.0 vs. 19.6%). Higher \u0394SCARED scores were observed in females and children in Wuhan, and children with experience of neglect had higher \u0394CDI-S (\u03b2 = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.67\u20131.58) and \u0394SCARED (\u03b2 = 6.46; 95% CI = 4.73\u20138.19) scores compared with those without experience of neglect. When the \u0394 scores were further categorized into tertiles, similar results were found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms after schools resumed was increased compared with that during the home quarantine period, even though the COVID-19 pandemic was under control. Females and children in Wuhan, and also children with experience of neglect were at increased risk of mental health disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.809107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T05:46:56Z","timestamp":1649828816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Psychological Symptom Progression in School-Aged Children After COVID-19 Home Confinement: A Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranran","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1456","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mental health for children and adolescents","volume":"174","author":"Golberstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6130","article-title":"Association of public health interventions with the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak in wuhan, China","volume":"323","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb6105","article-title":"An investigation of transmission control measures during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China","volume":"368","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30547-X","article-title":"Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"395","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1619","article-title":"Mental health status among children in home confinement during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in Hubei province, China","volume":"174","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/v7f3q","article-title":"Longitudinal increases in childhood depression symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown","volume":"106","author":"Bignardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00025-0","article-title":"COVID-19 mental health impact and responses in low-income and middle-income countries: reimagining global mental health","volume":"8","author":"Kola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2020007294","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-007294","article-title":"COVID-19 and parent-child psychological well-being","volume":"146","author":"Gassman-Pines","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30240-6","article-title":"Addressing the public mental health challenge of COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Campion","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32540-1","article-title":"A future for the world's children? 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