{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T01:56:25Z","timestamp":1778723785129,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008549","name":"Shanxi Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008549","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to substantial comorbidities of major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorder (AN), these two disorders must be distinguished. Accurate identification and diagnosis facilitate effective and prompt treatment. EEG biomarkers are a potential research hotspot for neuropsychiatric diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in EEG power spectrum at theta oscillations between patients with MDD and patients with AN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spectral analysis was used to study 66 patients with MDD and 43 patients with AN. Participants wore 16-lead EEG caps to measure resting EEG signals. The EEG power spectrum was measured using the fast Fourier transform. Independent samples <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test was used to analyze the EEG power values of the two groups, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05 was statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>EEG power spectrum of the MDD group significantly differed from the AN group in the theta oscillation on 4\u20137 Hz at eight electrode points at F3, O2, T3, P3, P4, FP1, FP2, and F8.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with anxiety demonstrated reduced power in the prefrontal cortex, left temporal lobe, and right occipital regions. Confirmed by further studies, theta oscillations could be another biomarker that distinguishes MDD from AN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.827536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T04:48:25Z","timestamp":1659502105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Theta oscillations: A rhythm difference comparison between major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingxue","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhifen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aixia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yikun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009007","article-title":"Thresholds for health and thresholds for illness: panic disorder versus subthreshold panic disorder","volume":"37","author":"Batelaan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.09.015","article-title":"A tune in \u201ca minor\u201d can \u201cb major\u201d: a review of epidemiology, illness course, and public health implications of subthreshold depression in older adults","volume":"129","author":"Meeks","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867419835933","article-title":"Characterising anxiety in major depressive disorder and its use in predicting antidepressant treatment outcome: an iSPOT-D report","volume":"53","author":"Braund","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702005512","article-title":"DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being","volume":"32","author":"Hunt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-639410.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1996)4:4<160::AID-DA2>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Comorbid depression and anxiety spectrum disorders","volume":"4","author":"Gorman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.06.008","article-title":"Who is MADD? 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