{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:34:26Z","timestamp":1788496466032,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bipolar disorder (BD) onset typically occurs between 15 and 30 years, being diagnosed under the age of 50 in 90% of cases, named \u201cnon-late onset BD\u201d (non-LOBD). However, clinical observation of late-onset BD (LOBD) raised some concern regarding a differential psychopathological pattern, outcomes and treatment, including a specific affective temperament vulnerability. Therefore, an exploratory study in the \u201creal world\u201d was carried out by investigating psychopathological and temperamental features of a psychogeriatric cohort of LOBD and non-LOBD subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 180 patients affected with BD-I, BD-II, and Cyclothymic Disorder were screened in a Mood Disorder Outpatient Service, during the timeframe January 2019-August 2021. Out of 78 enrolled outpatients, 66 (33 non-LOBD, 33 LOBD) were recruited, by the retrospective collection of sociodemographic, cognitive, psychopathological and clinical assessment, including the short-version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, and San Diego (TEMPS-M).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LOBD is significantly associated with higher rates of BD-II diagnosis (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>= 27.692,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001), depressive episodes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.025), mixed states (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.009), predominant depressive and anxious affective temperaments (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001). Non-LOBD is significantly associated with higher endocrinological (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>= 6.988,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.008) and metabolic comorbidity (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>= 5.987,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.014), a diagnosis of BD-I, manic episodes, and predominant hyperthymic affective temperaments (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.001). GDS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001) and MSRS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.005) scores were significantly higher in LOBD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and a control group are needed to determine whether LOBD may represent a distinct psychopathological entity from non-LOBD and evaluate differences (if any) in terms of prognosis and treatment between non-LOBD and LOBD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.836187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T11:24:01Z","timestamp":1645097041000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Depressive and Anxious Temperaments as Predictors of Late Onset Bipolar Disorder? 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