{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:14:22Z","timestamp":1767204862249,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The outbreak of the highly infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) renders a huge physical and psychological risk to the public, especially to the medics. Additionally, self-leadership has proven to improve self-efficacy and mediate tension, such as nervousness and depression. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to explore the association of self-leadership with acute stress responses (ASRs) and acute stress disorders (ASDs) in medics during the COVID-19 epidemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-reported online questionnaires were administered, and 627 participants were finally included. The data were analyzed using the univariate analysis and the logistical regression model to identify whether self-leadership and sociodemographic and epidemic characteristics were associated with mental health, including ASRs and ASDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Initially, 790 medics responded. Of these, 627 remained after excluding for invalid questionnaires and those with a substantial amount of missing data. Therefore, the participation validity rate was 79.37%. Frontline medical staff (\u03b2 = 0.338;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), possibility of infection among people around the medic being mild (\u03b2 = 0.141;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), subjective estimation of epidemic duration being 3\u20136 months (\u03b2 = 0.074;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05), self-sets (\u03b2 = \u22120.022;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), self-punishment (\u03b2 = 0.229;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), belief hypothesis and evaluation (\u03b2 = \u22120.147;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05), and successful foresight (\u03b2 = 0.105;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05) were statistically significant with ASRs. Marital status [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.813; 95% CI (1.141, 2.881);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012], being a frontline worker [AOR = 25.760; 95% CI (14.220, 46.667);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001], visiting Hubei in the previous 14 days [AOR = 3.656; 95% CI (1.500, 8.911);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004], self-punishment [AOR = 1.352; 95% CI (1.180, 1.548);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001], and self-dialogue [AOR = 1.256; 95% CI (11.063, 1.483);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007] were the risk factors for ASD. Conversely, having frontline medical staff in one's family [AOR = 0.523; 95% CI (0.297, 0.923);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025], self-sets [AOR = 0.814; 95% CI (0.715, 0.826);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002], and belief hypothesis and evaluation [AOR = 0.796; 95% CI (0.672, 0.943);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.038] were the protective factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The special working environment of the COVID-19 epidemic resulted in ASR and ASD. Notably, findings revealed a positive association between ASR symptoms and frontline medical staff, the subjective estimation of epidemic duration, self-punishment, and successful foresight. Nevertheless, marital status, having visited Hubei in the previous 14 days, and self-dialogue were the risk factors accounting for ASD symptoms. Surprisingly, having frontline medical staff in one's family, self-sets, and belief hypothesis and evaluation had potential benefits for ASD symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.836950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T01:42:44Z","timestamp":1654825364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["RETRACTED: Association of Self-Leadership With Acute Stress Responses and Acute Stress Disorders in Chinese Medics During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rongjian","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanbo","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangzhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renxiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuiping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13383","article-title":"The COVID-19 epidemic","volume":"5","author":"Velavan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Heal"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720000999","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China","volume":"51","author":"Bo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e923549","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.923549","article-title":"The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with Coronavirus disease 2019. 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