{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:16:30Z","timestamp":1787498190502,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013105","name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZY3-RCPY-2-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY3-RCPY-2-2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013105","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014137","name":"Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHDC12020601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC12020601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n A number of studies have documented that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought more negative impact on the physical and psychological functioning of frontline healthcare workers. Especially, sleep quality was focused. This study aimed to investigate the sleep quality of frontline healthcare workers, risk factors for sleep quality, and the effect of Tai Chi training.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 98 frontline healthcare workers were recruited, coming from the infection department, fever clinic, laboratory, and medical imaging department in a COVID-19-designated hospital in Shanghai. Of them, 50 participated in a 2-week intervention and were randomized to receive a Tai Chi training or relaxation training. Participants were assessed at baseline, 7 and 14 days after participation. Demographic information, sleep quality, and anxiety were measured by using the demographic questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n 13.3% participants were above the cut-off score (&gt;10) for the PSQI. Regression analysis showed gender, age, working years, and job category had effect on sleep quality. Compared to the control group, participants in the Tai Chi training group had lower scores on both PSQI (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.05) and BAI (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.01) after the 2-week intervention.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n It was demonstrated that poor sleep quality existed in the frontline healthcare workers, which was related to gender, age, working years, and job category. Tai Chi training can dramatically improve their sleep quality and reduce anxiety symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.883590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:35:36Z","timestamp":1651451736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Sleep Quality of the Frontline Healthcare Workers and the Improving Effect of Tai Chi"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jingye","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangdi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoer","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1036","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1036","article-title":"COVID-19: WHO declares pandemic because of \u201calarming levels\u201d of spread, severity, and inaction.","volume":"368","author":"Mahase","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729","article-title":"Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China.","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m3582","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3582","article-title":"Risk of hospital admission with coronavirus disease 2019 in healthcare workers and their households: nationwide linkage cohort study.","volume":"371","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-021-01490-3","article-title":"Depression, suicidal thoughts, and burnout among physicians during the covid-19 pandemic: a survey-based cross-sectional study.","volume":"45","author":"Al-Humadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad Psychiatry."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/s2215-0366(20)30047-x","article-title":"The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus.","volume":"7","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B6","first-page":"299","article-title":"Stress and psychological consequences of COVID19 on healthcare workers.","volume":"3","author":"Zaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nat Sci Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S290931","article-title":"Healthcare worker\u2019s mental health and their associated predictors during the epidemic peak of COVID-19.","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630330","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.630330","article-title":"Sleep quality in medical staffs during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in China: a web-based cross-sectional study.","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2016.10.003","article-title":"Social support, social strain, sleep quality, and actigraphic sleep characteristics: evidence from a national survey of US adults.","volume":"3","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Health."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820001107","article-title":"The prevalence and influencing factors in anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional survey.","volume":"148","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10222","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910222","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for the discontinuation of long-term benzodiazepine use in insomnia and anxiety disorders.","volume":"18","author":"Chapoutot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2007.7170A","article-title":"Challenges inherent to T\u2019ai Chi research: part I\u2013T\u2019ai Chi as a complex multicomponent intervention.","volume":"14","author":"Wayne","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2021.102748","article-title":"Tai Chi for health and well-being: a bibliometric analysis of published clinical studies between 2010 and 2020.","volume":"60","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4008","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy vs. Tai Chi for late life insomnia and inflammatory risk: a randomized controlled comparative efficacy trial.","volume":"37","author":"Irwin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2037199","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37199","article-title":"Effects of Tai Chi or exercise on sleep in older adults with insomnia: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"4","author":"Siu","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7080195","article-title":"Effects of meditative movements on major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"7","author":"Zou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research.","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006x.56.6.893","article-title":"An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties.","volume":"56","author":"Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsz259","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz259","article-title":"Does midlife aging impact women\u2019s sleep duration, continuity, and timing?: a longitudinal analysis from the study of women\u2019s health across the nation.","volume":"43","author":"Matthews","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150110","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0110","article-title":"Sex differences in sleep: impact of biological sex and sex steroids.","volume":"371","author":"Mong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2020.101303","article-title":"Risk and protective factors and processes for behavioral sleep problems among preschool and early school-aged children: a systematic review.","volume":"52","author":"Newton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10060327","article-title":"The influence of sleep quality, vigilance, and sleepiness on driving-related cognitive abilities: a comparison between young and older adults.","volume":"10","author":"Bartolacci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3317-1","article-title":"Klokwerk + study protocol: an observational study to the effects of night-shift work on body weight and infection susceptibility and the mechanisms underlying these health effects.","volume":"16","author":"Loef","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2016.71.0285","article-title":"Tai Chi Chih compared with cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of insomnia in survivors of breast cancer: a randomized, partially blinded, noninferiority trial.","volume":"35","author":"Irwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111363","article-title":"Tai Chi improves psychoemotional state, cognition, and motor learning in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"150","author":"Solianik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.076","article-title":"The effect of Tai Chi for improving sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"274","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-0277.1000141","article-title":"Tai Chi improves sleep quality in healthy adults and patients with chronic conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"2","author":"Raman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sleep Disord Ther."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.883590\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:35:42Z","timestamp":1651451742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.883590\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.883590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.883590","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"article-number":"883590"}}