{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:27:14Z","timestamp":1788265634191,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Homeless refugee youth experience high rates of traumatic and adverse experiences, a significant burden of mental health needs, and compounded barriers in accessing support services. Despite this, there is a paucity of literature exploring the unique intersections and vulnerabilities faced by this subgroup. This study of Youth Without Shelter (YWS), an emergency residence and referral agency serving homeless youth in Toronto, Canada was a qualitative study of homeless refugee youth. Research goals were to describe the mental health needs and identify the factors contributing to the resiliency of refugee youth experiencing homelessness. Data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews with YWS youth (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6) and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis with a realist lens. Results highlighted that the mental health of refugee youth experiencing homelessness was subject to system-level factors such as the immigration process (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6), housing insecurity (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5), finances (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5), education (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6), employment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6) and sense of safety (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4), with acculturative stress, including culture shock (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3) and language (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4), also have negative effects. Goal directedness (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5), independence or responsibility (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4), and nurturing social connectedness with family (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5), peers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6), and community (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4) contributed to participants' resilience. A model for planning future interventions was proposed and was informed by the lived experience of participants. This model focuses on initially on immediate and basic needs and reflected evidence gathered through this work to attend to long-term needs once individuals have integrated into society. Future efforts will be directed toward translating the lived experience of this population and developing practice guidelines to optimize care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.917200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T05:47:46Z","timestamp":1654494466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Perspectives of Refugee Youth Experiencing Homelessness: A Qualitative Study of Factors Impacting Mental Health and Resilience"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bushra M.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordana","family":"Waserman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitesh","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Refugee Population Statistics Database2020"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Trends at a Glance: Global Trends Forced Displacement in 20192020"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. Irregular Border Crosser Statistics2020"},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Working paper series - Precarious housing and hidden homelessness among refugees, asylum seekers, and immigrants in the Toronto metropolitan area76\n            PrestonV\n            MurdieR\n            D'AddarioS\n            SibandaP\n            MurnaghanAM\n            LoganJ\n          CERIS Work Pap.12011"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"1","author":"Gaetz","year":"2016","journal-title":"The State of Homelessness in Canada 2016"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"152","volume-title":"Mental Health Practice With Immigrant and Refugee Youth: a Socioecological Framework","author":"Ellis","year":"2019"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"Hidden in Our Midst: Homeless Newcomer Youth in Toronto \u2013 Uncovering the Supports to Prevent and Reduce Homelessness2014"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0723-0","article-title":"The relationship between post-migration stress and 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