{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:21:03Z","timestamp":1790655663094,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the roles of personality in predicting substance abuse have been widely documented, few studies have investigated the relationships the dark triad (DT) personalities had with confidence in treatment (CIT) and subjective evaluation of treatment outcome (SETO) in drug abstainers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the relationship between DT and treatment-relevant variables, and the potential effect of meaning in life (MIL) in these links.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were male inpatients who started substance abuse treatment between June and December 2018 in Henan Province, China. The inclusion criteria were the diagnosis of substance use disorders. The exclusion criteria were illiteracy, comorbidity with psychopathology disorders, intellectual disability, and refusal of consent. A total of 236 men (aged 21\u201362 years, M = 45.30, SD = 7.72) were randomly selected and reported their DT, MIL, CIT, and SETO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results showed that DT was negatively correlated with MIL, CIT, and SETO. MIL was positively correlated with CIT and SETO. The dark triad is associated with CIT both directly and indirectly <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> MIL. DT is indirectly correlated with SETO <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> MIL. Higher levels of DT in drug abstainers can reduce CIT and SETO by decreasing individual's MIL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides insights into the links between the DT and treatment-relevant variables, which can potentially impact the effectiveness of current substance abuse treatment programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.928101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T05:30:25Z","timestamp":1658727025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Meaning in life as a mediator of dark triad with confidence in treatment and subjective evaluation of treatment outcome among male drug abstainers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Liping","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoguo","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"2017World Drug Report2017"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.01.025","article-title":"Personality traits differentiate Pakistani males in recovery versus relapse from substance use disorders","volume":"141","author":"Hanif","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Diff."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.008","article-title":"Personality and alcohol consumption: pooled analysis of 72,949 adults from eight cohort studies","volume":"151","author":"Hakulinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12231","article-title":"Association between non-medical prescription drug use and personality traits among young Swiss men","volume":"69","author":"N'goran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.01.010","article-title":"The dark triad, reinforcement sensitivity and substance use","volume":"94","author":"Stenason","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Diff."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-6566(02)00505-6","article-title":"The dark triad of personality: narcissism, machiavellianism and psychopathy","volume":"36","author":"Paulhus","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Res Pers."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294118755094","article-title":"What did you expect? Substance use expectancies mediate the relationships between dark triad traits, substance use, and substance preference","volume":"121","author":"Gott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Rep."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2012.07.029","article-title":"The dark triad and risk behavior","volume":"54","author":"Crysel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Diff."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2190\/DE.41.1.c","article-title":"Personality, drug preference, drug use, and drug availability","volume":"41","author":"Feldman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Drug Educ."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2016.05.006","article-title":"Low self-control and the dark triad: disentangling the predictive power of personality traits on young adult substance use, offending and victimization","volume":"46","author":"Flexon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crim Justice."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020327","article-title":"Linking \u201cbig\u201d personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"Kotov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(90)90070-E","article-title":"Relapse situations and self-efficacy: an integrative model","volume":"15","author":"Velicer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2008.07.022","article-title":"General practitioner empathy, patient enablement, and patient-reported outcomes in primary care in an area of high socio-economic deprivation in Scotland\u2014a pilot prospective study using structural equation modeling","volume":"73","author":"Mercer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.07.032","article-title":"The role of self-efficacy in the treatment of substance use disorders","volume":"36","author":"Kadden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.12.018","article-title":"Expectancies and self-efficacy mediate the effects of impulsivity on marijuana use outcomes: an application of the acquired preparedness model","volume":"36","author":"Hayaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.02.010","article-title":"Brief assessment of readiness to change tobacco use in treated youth","volume":"41","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Subst Abus Treat."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02137.x","article-title":"Coping skills training and contingency management treatments for marijuana dependence: exploring mechanisms of behavior change","volume":"103","author":"Litt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J076v43n03_01","article-title":"Natural recovery from drug and alcohol addiction among Israeli prisoners","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Offender Rehabil."},{"key":"B19","article-title":"Man's Search for Ultimate Meaning","author":"Frankl","year":"2000"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198601)42:1<5::aid-jclp2270420102>3.0.co;2-9","article-title":"Depression, self-derogation, substance use, and suicide ideation: lack of purpose in life as a mediational factor","volume":"42","author":"Harlow","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2012.754925","article-title":"Counterfactual thinking about one's birth enhances well-being judgments","volume":"8","author":"Heintzelman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Posit Psychol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2013.08.006","article-title":"Co-morbid anxiety disorders predict early relapse after inpatient alcohol treatment","volume":"30","author":"Schellekens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Psychiat."},{"key":"B23","first-page":"468","article-title":"The effectiveness of Logotherapy group counseling in alleviating the relapse tendency of drug abstainers","volume":"38","author":"Zhuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychol Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-018-9627-y","article-title":"Patience as a mediator between the dark triad and meaning in life","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Res Qual Life"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2021.110662","article-title":"Childhood adversity is associated with adulthood white blood cell count through narcissism","volume":"174","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Diff."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1145\/2983323.2983822","article-title":"Studying the Dark Triad of Personality using Twitter Behavior Studying the Dark Triad of personality through Twitter behavior","volume":"76","author":"PreotiucPietro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 25th ACM International on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.06.027","article-title":"The dark triad and sleep quality: mediating role of anger rumination","volume":"151","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Diff."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7062","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127062","article-title":"Differential eating behavior patterns among the dark triad","volume":"19","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-019-00272-3","article-title":"Development and evaluation of the short dark triad - Chinese version (SD3-C)","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Psychol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2012.657156","article-title":"Does perceived burdensomeness erode meaning in life among older adults?","volume":"16","author":"Van Orden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-6729.2010.06.021","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the meaning in life questionnaire","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(94)00072-7","article-title":"Initial motivations for alcohol treatment: relations with patient characteristics, treatment involvement, and dropout","volume":"20","author":"Ryan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1996.78.2.631","article-title":"Estimating the reliability of a single-item measure","volume":"78","author":"Wanous","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol Rep."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.97.3.562","article-title":"Application of confirmatory factor analysis to the study of self-concept: first- and higher-order factor models and their invariance across groups","volume":"97","author":"Marsh","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure anaysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01476","article-title":"The Dark Triad traits from a life history perspective in six countries","volume":"8","author":"Jonason","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-010-9102-4","article-title":"Living a fast life","volume":"21","author":"Jonason","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Nat."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2014.884918","article-title":"An evolutionary life history framework for psychopathology","volume":"25","author":"Del Giudice","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Inq."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2012.04.033","article-title":"The measurement of human life history strategy","volume":"55","author":"Figueredo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Diff."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/147470491501300202","article-title":"Methodologically sound: evaluating the psychometric approach to the assessment of human life history","volume":"13","author":"Figueredo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evol Psychol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.03.005","article-title":"Life history strategy, identity consolidation, and psychological well-being","volume":"51","author":"Dunkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Diff."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.01.008","article-title":"Dorian Gray without his portrait: psychological, social, and physical health costs associated with the Dark Triad","volume":"78","author":"Jonason","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Diff."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.09.016","article-title":"Dark side of impulsivity - Associations between the Dark Triad, self-report and behavioral measures of impulsivity","volume":"88","author":"Malesza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Diff"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721416659458","article-title":"Understanding dynamic transactions between personality traits and partner relationships","volume":"25","author":"Mund","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.928101\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T05:30:31Z","timestamp":1658727031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.928101\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.928101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.928101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"article-number":"928101"}}