{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:38:52Z","timestamp":1789605532762,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol dependence (AD) is a complex addictive disorder with a high relapse rate. Previous studies have shown that both repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be effective for AD, and we aim to explore more effective treatment options to reduce relapse rates for AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 263 AD patients were recruited. They were divided into six groups according to the location and the type of rTMS: left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), right DLPFC, sham stimulation, and whether they received CBT treatment: with a fixed schedule (C1) and without a fixed plan (C0). There were included in sham rTMS + C0 group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 50), sham rTMS + C1 group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 37), right rTMS + C0 group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 45), right rTMS + C1 group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 42), left rTMS + C0 group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 49), left rTMS + C1 group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 40). We used obsessive compulsive drinking scale (OCDS), visual analogue scale (VAS), alcohol dependence scale (ADS), montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire-9 items (PHQ-9), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) to assess alcohol cravings, alcohol dependence, cognition, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. They were followed up and evaluated for relapse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sham rTMS + C0 group relapse rate was significantly higher than the right rTMS + C1 group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006), the left rTMS + C0 group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.031), the left rTMS + C1 group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.043). The right rTMS + C0 group showed significantly higher relapse rate compared to the right rTMS + C1 group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.046). There was no significant difference in relapse rates between other groups. The repeated-measures ANOVA showed an interaction effect between group and time was significant in the rate of patient health questionnaire-9 items (PHQ-9) scale reduction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.020). Logistic analysis indicated that smoking and alcohol consumption were independent determinants of relapse (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). At 24 weeks of follow-up, Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis reveal that there is statistically significant relapse rate between six groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.025), left rTMS + C1 group has the best treatment effect for alcohol dependent patients. Cox regression analysis confirmed that current smoking, total cholesterol, and total bilirubin (TBIL) level were risk factors of relapse (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first to suggest that the combination of rTMS and CBT may be a potentially effective treatment for reducing relapse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.935491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T07:03:25Z","timestamp":1664867005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cognitive behavioral therapy treatment in alcohol-dependent patients: A randomized, double-blind sham-controlled multicenter clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiaorui","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongkun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranran","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaizhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanyi","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161","article-title":"Prevalence of 12-Month Alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder in the United States, 2001-2002 to 2012-2013: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions.","volume":"74","author":"Grant","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1435-4","article-title":"Parenting style and mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents.","volume":"53","author":"Eun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2006.01476.x","article-title":"Role of family in alcohol and substance abuse.","volume":"60","author":"Saatcioglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000419","article-title":"Impulsivity and the effects of alcohol in women with a history of childhood sexual abuse: A pilot study.","volume":"29","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14234","article-title":"Global statistics on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2017 status report.","volume":"113","author":"Peacock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60009-X","article-title":"Alcohol use disorders.","volume":"373","author":"Schuckit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111851","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of psychosocial interventions for substance use disorders.","volume":"165","author":"Dutra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"185","article-title":"Five years of ROM in substance abuse treatment centres in the Netherlands.","volume":"54","author":"Oudejans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(85)92413-4","article-title":"Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex.","volume":"1","author":"Barker","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.4.847","article-title":"Responses to rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex.","volume":"117","author":"Pascual-Leone","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.113","article-title":"Rehabilitating the addicted brain with transcranial magnetic stimulation.","volume":"18","author":"Diana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-7634(02)00021-0","article-title":"Contributions of the prefrontal cortex to the neural basis of human decision making.","volume":"26","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.01.003","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reduces nicotine cue craving.","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2022.110513","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-seeking subjects with cocaine use disorder: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial.","volume":"116","author":"Martinotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.02.013","article-title":"Dopaminergic and clinical correlates of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in gambling addiction: A SPECT case study.","volume":"93","author":"Pettorruso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.598383","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment of alcohol dependence.","volume":"1","author":"H\u00f6ppner","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02777.x","article-title":"Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in alcohol dependence: A sham-controlled study.","volume":"105","author":"Mishra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.018","article-title":"Neurophysiological, psychological and behavioural correlates of rTMS treatment in alcohol dependence.","volume":"158","author":"Felice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.13010013","article-title":"Comparison of anticraving efficacy of right and left repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in alcohol dependence: A randomized double-blind study.","volume":"27","author":"Mishra","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt054","article-title":"Reduced intra-individual reaction time variability during a Go\u2014NoGo task in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients after one right-sided dorsolateral prefrontal HF-rTMS session.","volume":"48","author":"Herremans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800281","article-title":"The substance abuse and mental health services administration (SAMHSA): New directions.","volume":"69","author":"McCance-Katz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000311","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral interventions for alcohol and drug use disorders: Through the stage model and back again.","volume":"31","author":"Carroll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002714","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002714","article-title":"Effectiveness and treatment moderators of internet interventions for adult problem drinking: An individual patient data meta-analysis of 19 randomised controlled trials.","volume":"15","author":"Riper","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14085","article-title":"Efficacy of a web-based intervention with and without guidance for employees with risky drinking: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial.","volume":"113","author":"Bo\u00df","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14871","article-title":"High- versus low-intensity internet interventions for alcohol use disorders: Results of a three-armed randomized controlled superiority trial.","volume":"115","author":"Sundstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27976","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba.27976","article-title":"Alcohol-related dementia and neurocognitive impairment: A review study.","volume":"5","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J High Risk Behav Addict."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.08.002","article-title":"Recovery of neurocognitive functions following sustained abstinence after substance dependence and implications for treatment.","volume":"34","author":"Schulte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.01.018","article-title":"A neurocognitive approach to understanding the neurobiology of addiction.","volume":"23","author":"No\u00ebl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.05.001","article-title":"The clinical neurobiology of drug craving.","volume":"23","author":"Sinha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.10.005","article-title":"Drug addiction: The neurobiology of disrupted self-control.","volume":"12","author":"Baler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500703","article-title":"Sleep in psychiatric disorders: Where are we now?","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.10.005","article-title":"Regulation of craving and negative emotion in alcohol use disorder.","volume":"5","author":"Suzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2005.06.015","article-title":"Acamprosate for the treatment of alcohol dependence.","volume":"27","author":"Boothby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Ther."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.09.022","article-title":"Frontal white matter integrity predictors of adult alcohol treatment outcome.","volume":"71","author":"Sorg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12840","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and risk of alcohol use relapse among adults in recovery from alcohol use disorders.","volume":"39","author":"Weinberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agm027","article-title":"Results from two pharmacotherapy trials show alcoholic smokers were more severely alcohol dependent but less prone to relapse than alcoholic non-smokers.","volume":"42","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00381.x","article-title":"Probabilities of alcohol high-risk drinking, abuse or dependence estimated on grounds of tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence.","volume":"98","author":"John","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0541-2_2","article-title":"Biological markers in alcoholism.","volume":"30","author":"Helander","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01153-8","article-title":"Classical blood biomarkers identify patients with higher risk for relapse 6 months after alcohol withdrawal treatment.","volume":"271","author":"Raabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2016.1180346","article-title":"Social cognition and social problem solving abilities in individuals with alcohol use disorder.","volume":"38","author":"Schmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","article-title":"Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research.","volume":"120","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29666","DOI":"10.2196\/29666","article-title":"Effects of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for harmful alcohol use and alcohol dependence as self-help or with therapist guidance: Three-armed randomized trial.","volume":"23","author":"Johansson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103648","article-title":"The search for mechanisms of cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol or other drug use disorders: A systematic review.","volume":"131","author":"Magill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03307.x","article-title":"Assessment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome\u2013validity and reliability of the translated and modified clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-A).","volume":"89","author":"Stuppaeck","year":"1994","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S211","DOI":"10.1080\/09652140050111771","article-title":"The obsessive compulsive drinking scale.","volume":"2","author":"Anton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.118","article-title":"A multi-dimensional evaluation of craving and impulsivity among people admitted for alcohol-related problems in emergency department.","volume":"272","author":"Flaudias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.149","article-title":"Further validation of the alcohol dependence scale as an index of severity.","volume":"68","author":"Saxon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318230208a","article-title":"Normative data for the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) in a population-based sample.","volume":"77","author":"Rossetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2006.00544.x","article-title":"Development of the sleep quality scale.","volume":"15","author":"Yi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.1802","article-title":"Validity of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale in an acute psychiatric sample.","volume":"20","author":"Kertz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5074","article-title":"Measurement validity of the patient-health questionnaire-9 in US nursing home residents.","volume":"34","author":"B\u00e9langer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3280fa837d","article-title":"The treatment of alcohol dependence.","volume":"20","author":"Assanangkornchai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000090144.99832.19","article-title":"Treatment of alcohol abuse: An evidence-based review.","volume":"27","author":"Berglund","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14661","article-title":"Drinking reduction during cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder is associated with a reduction in anterior insula-bed nucleus of the stria terminalis resting-state functional connectivity.","volume":"45","author":"Srivastava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.11.004","article-title":"Simultaneous rTMS and psychotherapy in major depressive disorder: Clinical outcomes and predictors from a large naturalistic study.","volume":"11","author":"Donse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2010.03.005","article-title":"Feasibility of simultaneous cognitive behavioral therapy and left prefrontal rTMS for treatment resistant depression.","volume":"3","author":"Vedeniapin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"B57","first-page":"29","article-title":"Cognitive neuroscience approaches to understanding behavior change in alcohol use disorder treatments.","volume":"37","author":"Naqvi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr039","article-title":"Harnessing neuroplasticity for clinical applications.","volume":"134","author":"Cramer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.762","article-title":"Disrupted ventromedial prefrontal function, alcohol craving, and subsequent relapse risk.","volume":"70","author":"Seo","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11020289","article-title":"Neural correlates of stress-induced and cue-induced drug craving: Influences of sex and cocaine dependence.","volume":"169","author":"Potenza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.03.006","article-title":"A practical guide to the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression.","volume":"5","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2014.12.001","article-title":"Augmentative repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the acute treatment of poor responder depressed patients: A comparison study between high and low frequency stimulation.","volume":"30","author":"Dell\u2019Osso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4824","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004824","article-title":"Placebo response of non-pharmacological and pharmacological trials in major depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"4","author":"Brunoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000175013.50644.61","article-title":"Alcoholic neurobiology: Changes in dependence and recovery.","volume":"29","author":"Crews","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05426-6","article-title":"Unequal interactions between alcohol and nicotine coconsumption: Suppression and enhancement of concurrent drug intake.","volume":"237","author":"DeBaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.04.003","article-title":"Predicting relapse after alcohol use disorder treatment in a high-risk cohort: The roles of anhedonia and smoking.","volume":"126","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15210","article-title":"Nicotine increases alcohol self-administration in male rats via a \u03bc\u2212opioid mechanism within the mesolimbic pathway.","volume":"177","author":"Domi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03860.x","article-title":"Predictors of the 2-year recurrence and persistence of alcohol dependence.","volume":"107","author":"Boschloo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.11919\/j.issn.1002-0829.216009","article-title":"An analysis of factors influencing drinking relapse among patients with alcohol-induced psychiatric and behavioral disorders.","volume":"28","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.935491\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T15:08:42Z","timestamp":1665414522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.935491\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.935491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.935491","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"article-number":"935491"}}