{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T05:44:45Z","timestamp":1789796685005,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increasing evidence demonstrates 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) may be a safe and effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is growing interest in MDMA-AT to address a range of other health challenges. Chronic pain and PTSD are frequently comorbid, reciprocally interdependent conditions, though the possible role of MDMA-AT in treating chronic pain remains under-investigated. The present analysis examined the impact of manualized MDMA-AT on chronic pain severity among participants with PTSD who were enrolled in a Phase 2 clinical trial investigating MDMA-AT for PTSD (NCT03282123).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Exploratory data from a subset of participants who completed chronic pain measures (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 32) were drawn from a Phase 2 open-label study sponsored by the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS). Multivariable analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to compare pre- vs. post-treatment Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS) values, adjusting for demographics (age, sex, and ethnicity). K-means clustering was then used to group the sample into three clusters to denote high (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 9), medium (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 11), and low (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12) baseline pain severity, and the same analysis was repeated for each cluster.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 32 participants included in this analysis, 59% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 19) were women, 72% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 23) were white, and median age was 38 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 31\u201347]. Overall, 84% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 27) reported having pain, and 75% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 24) reported disability associated with their pain. Significant reductions in CPGS subscales for\n                      <jats:italic>pain intensity<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>disability score<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and overall CPGS\n                      <jats:italic>severity grade<\/jats:italic>\n                      were observed among participants in the highest pain cluster (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 9,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05), and for\n                      <jats:italic>pain intensity<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the medium pain cluster (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 11,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05) post- vs. pre-treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings demonstrate a high prevalence of chronic pain in this sample of people with severe PTSD and that chronic pain scores among medium and high pain subgroups were significantly lower following MDMA-AT. While these data are preliminary, when considered alongside the frequency of comorbid chronic pain and PTSD and promising efficacy of MDMA-AT for treating PTSD, these findings encourage further research exploring the role of MDMA-AT for chronic pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.939302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1667458936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["MDMA-assisted therapy is associated with a reduction in chronic pain among people with post-traumatic stress 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