{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:57:46Z","timestamp":1790787466202,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81660569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81660569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not all adolescents who have endured childhood trauma will develop depressive symptom, nor will they all experience the same level of depressive symptom. According to previous research, cognitive emotion regulation strategies may explain a portion of the variance. Observe the connection between childhood trauma and depressive symptom and investigate whether cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate or moderate this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In October 2019, a cross-sectional study measuring childhood trauma, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and depressive symptom among Zhuang adolescents was done in one senior high school and two junior highs in Chongzuo, Guangxi, China, using a self-report questionnaire. To examine the hypothesis of mediating and moderating effects, SPSS PROCESS was utilized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, there was a positive relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptom, whereas there were positive correlations between expressive suppression and childhood trauma and depressive symptom (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.380, 0.246, and 0.089, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.01). The 5,000-sample bootstrap procedure revealed that the indirect relationship between the independent variable (childhood trauma or emotional abuse) and the dependent variable (depressive symptom) was statistically significant (\u03b2 = 0.0154 95% CI: 0.0019, 0.0165, \u03b2 = 0.0442 95% CI: 0.0008, 0.0117). The statistical significance of the interaction effect enhanced the R-square value of the moderating effect when the independent variable was the total childhood trauma score (\u0394R2 = 0.0044, 0.0089).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings corroborated the conclusion of prior research that cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate and moderate the development of depressive symptom. Although we demonstrate that cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a mediating and moderating role in the relationships between childhood trauma and depressive symptom, the mediating effects on the relationships between the other types of childhood traumas, including physical abuse and neglect, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and depressive symptom, did not emerge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.994065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T01:36:38Z","timestamp":1662428198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptom among Zhuang adolescents: Mediating and moderating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuli","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linhua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoyue","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuibo","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyangzi","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junduan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO world mental health surveys","volume":"197","author":"Kessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20238","article-title":"Childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and diagnoses of depressive and anxiety disorders in adult psychiatric outpatients","volume":"24","author":"Gibb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941400090X","article-title":"Cumulative childhood risk and adult functioning in abused and neglected children grown up","volume":"27","author":"Horan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31819381b1","article-title":"Resilience in the third year of medical school: a prospective study of the associations between stressful events occurring during clinical rotations and student well-being","volume":"84","author":"Haglund","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-018-0708-y","article-title":"Sedentary behavior and depressive symptoms among 67,077 Adolescents Aged 12-15 years from 30 low- and middle-income countries","volume":"15","author":"Vancampfort","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15020283","article-title":"Depressive symptoms of Chinese children: prevalence and correlated factors among subgroups","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.006","article-title":"Associations between depression and specific childhood experiences of abuse and neglect: a meta-analysis","volume":"190","author":"Infurna","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e288","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.60","article-title":"Interaction between the Mthfr C677t polymorphism and traumatic childhood events predicts depression","volume":"3","author":"Lok","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.180752","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and characteristics of adult depression: meta-analysis","volume":"210","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.04.007","article-title":"The role of specific early trauma in adult depression: a meta-analysis of published literature. Childhood trauma and adult depression","volume":"30","author":"Mandelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00066-X","article-title":"Psychosocial processes underlying the maintenance and persistence of depression: implications for understanding chronic depression","volume":"19","author":"Lara","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B13","article-title":"Developmental predictors of depressive cognitive style: research and theory","volume-title":"Developmental Perspectives on Depression","author":"Rose","year":"1992"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.03.050","article-title":"Emotion regulation mediates the effect of childhood trauma on depression","volume":"198","author":"Hopfinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"70","article-title":"et al. Mediating effects of personality on the relationship between childhood psychological abuse and depression of undergraduates Chinese","volume":"19","author":"Gui-ying","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B16","volume-title":"Discovering Statistics Using Spss (and Sex and Drugs and Rock \u2018N' Roll).","author":"Field","year":"2013"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.02.014","article-title":"Parental verbal abuse and the mediating role of self-criticism in adult internalizing disorders","volume":"93","author":"Sachs-Ericsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.12.007","article-title":"Childhood emotional maltreatment and later psychological distress among college students: the mediating role of maladaptive schemas","volume":"33","author":"Wright","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.015","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation as a mediator between childhood emotional abuse and current depression in a low-income African-American sample","volume":"38","author":"Crow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.06.002","article-title":"Specificity of cognitive emotion regulation strategies: a transdiagnostic examination","volume":"48","author":"Aldao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.348","article-title":"Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being","volume":"85","author":"Gross","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004","article-title":"Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: a meta-analytic review","volume":"30","author":"Aldao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht154","article-title":"Cognitive reappraisal of emotion: a meta-analysis of human neuroimaging studies","volume":"24","author":"Buhle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00091-9","article-title":"Do early adverse experiences establish a cognitive vulnerability to depression on exposure to mirroring life events in adulthood?","volume":"57","author":"Parker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.07.022","article-title":"How is childhood emotional abuse related to major depression in adulthood?","volume":"72","author":"Schulz","year":"2017"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764015585328","article-title":"Relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and childhood traumas in women with depression","volume":"61","author":"Akbaba Turkoglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOYO.0000048066.90949.be","article-title":"Gender differences in rates of depressive symptoms among Low-Income, Urban, African American youth: a test of two mediational hypotheses","volume":"33","author":"Grant","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9314-4","article-title":"Mediating and moderating processes in the relation between maltreatment and psychopathology: mother-child relationship quality and emotion regulation","volume":"37","author":"Alink","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2010.522947","article-title":"Child maltreatment, emotion regulation, and posttraumatic stress: the impact of emotional abuse","volume":"19","author":"Burns","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Aggress Maltreat Trauma."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283503669","article-title":"Emotion regulation and mental health: recent findings, current challenges, and future directions","volume":"25","author":"Berking","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.08.005","article-title":"Deficits in emotion regulation mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and later eating disorder symptoms","volume":"36","author":"Burns","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.02.009","article-title":"The relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of adulthood depression and anxiety symptoms in a clinical sample: the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies","volume":"213","author":"Huh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.101911","article-title":"The relationship between childhood trauma and adult depression: the mediating role of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03673-6","article-title":"Childhood trauma and current depression among Chinese university students: a moderated mediation model of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and neuroticism","volume":"22","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105641","article-title":"How do physical and emotional abuse affect depression and problematic behaviors in adolescents? The roles of emotional regulation and anger","volume":"129","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105211","article-title":"Effects of attending preschool on adolescents' reading literacy: evidence from the ethnic minority children in China","volume":"116","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14664208.2018.1502513","article-title":"A polity study of minority language management in China focusing on Zhuang","volume":"20","author":"Grey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Issues Lang Plan."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105524","article-title":"Peer relationships, motivation, self-efficacy, and science literacy in ethnic minority adolescents in China: a moderated mediation model","volume":"119","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0","article-title":"Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Bernstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.11847\/zgggws-2011-27-05-71","article-title":"Reliablity and validity of the Chinese version of Ctq-Sf","volume":"27","author":"Min","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Public Health"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.1.224","article-title":"Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology","volume":"74","author":"Gross","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.11.002","article-title":"The patient health questionnaire-9 for measuring depressive symptoms among the general population in Hong Kong","volume":"53","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-15-30","article-title":"Detection and management of depression in adult primary care patients in hong kong: a cross-sectional survey conducted by a primary care practice-based research network","volume":"15","author":"Chin","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E191","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110829","article-title":"Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (Phq-9): a meta-analysis","volume":"184","author":"Manea","year":"2012","journal-title":"CMAJ."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2012.753654","article-title":"Dissociative depression among women in the community","volume":"14","author":"Sar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Trauma Dissociation"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.04.003","article-title":"Types of childhood trauma and spirituality in adult patients with depressive disorders","volume":"69","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1348\/026151008X314900","article-title":"An examination of emotion regulation, temperament, and parenting style as potential predictors of adolescent depression risk status: a correlational study","volume":"27","author":"Betts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dev Psychol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431611432712","article-title":"Emotion regulation in adolescence: a prospective study of expressive suppression and depressive symptoms","volume":"33","author":"Larsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Early Adolesc."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.101.1.34","article-title":"Ironic Processes of mental control","volume":"101","author":"Wegner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(00)00113-6","article-title":"Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems","volume":"30","author":"Garnefski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000483","article-title":"Partners' depressive symptoms moderate the effects of expressive suppression","volume":"32","author":"Weckbacher","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112707","article-title":"The effect of early trauma on North Korean refugee youths' mental health: moderating effect of emotional regulation strategies","volume":"287","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032135","article-title":"Emotion regulation: taking stock and moving forward","volume":"13","author":"Gross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emotion."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-2009-2","article-title":"Effects of early life stress on cognitive and affective function: an integrated review of human literature","volume":"214","author":"Pechtel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00382-4","article-title":"Relative contributions of parent substance use and childhood maltreatment to chronic homelessness, depression, and substance abuse problems among homeless women: mediating roles of self-esteem and abuse in adulthood","volume":"26","author":"Stein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2017.10.002","article-title":"Brief report: cross-sectional interactions between expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal and its relationship with depressive symptoms in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"45","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000270","article-title":"Suppression and expression of emotion in social and interpersonal outcomes: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Chervonsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emotion."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9782-7","article-title":"Social coping by masking? Parental support and peer victimization as mediators of the relationship between depressive symptoms and expressive suppression in adolescents","volume":"41","author":"Larsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.994065\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T01:36:44Z","timestamp":1662428204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.994065\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.994065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.994065","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"article-number":"994065"}}