{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:52:24Z","timestamp":1787161944231,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the recent years, several studies have shown a correlation between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and catatonia. It is also known that both conditions are found to be associated with mood disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between autistic traits and catatonic symptoms, as well as the potential mediating role of mood disorder spectrum in the relationship between them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The total sample of 514 subjects was composed by four diagnostic groups, composed by patients affected by catatonia (CTN), borderline personality disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HC). Subjects were assessed with the SCID-5-RV, the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum) and the Catatonia Spectrum (CS) and the Mood Spectrum Self-Report (MOODS-SR). Statistical analyses included Pearson\u2019s coefficient calculation, multiple linear regression, and mediation analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      all the correlations appear to be strongly positive and significant with the strongest coefficient emerging between AdAS Spectrum total score and CS total score (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.762,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The Mediation Analysis showed that AdAS Spectrum total score showed a significant indirect effect on CS total score through MOODS-SR total score (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.168, 95% bootstrapped CI [0.127:0.207]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study highlights the presence of a mediating role of the mood disorder spectrum in the relationship between autistic traits and the catatonia spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1092193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T11:00:58Z","timestamp":1689850858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The mediating effect of mood spectrum on the relationship between autistic traits and catatonia spectrum"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Liliana","family":"Dell\u2019Osso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Amatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Carpita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Massimetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Nardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Gravina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Bonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danila","family":"Casagrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Luciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Berardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natascia","family":"Brondino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"De Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Deste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Nola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Reitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria Anna","family":"Muscatello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Pompili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Politi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Vita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Maj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1210-4","article-title":"The multiple faces of catatonia in autism spectrum disorders: descriptive clinical experience of 22 patients over 12 years","volume":"28","author":"Wachtel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2020.03.001","article-title":"Catatonia in patients with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"29","author":"Ghaziuddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.2259","article-title":"Catatonia in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Vaquerizo-Serrano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.4.357","article-title":"Catatonia in autistic spectrum disorders","volume":"176","author":"Wing","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.4.445","article-title":"Decreased density of GABA-A receptors in the left sensorimotor cortex in akinetic catatonia: investigation of in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding","volume":"67","author":"Northoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)72009-2","article-title":"Is there a common neuronal basis for autism and catatonia?","volume":"72","author":"Dhossche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198805263182102","article-title":"Hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII in autism","volume":"318","author":"Courchesne","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)72010-9","article-title":"Shared susceptibility region on chromosome 15 between autism and catatonia","volume":"72","author":"Chagnon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-3302-5","article-title":"Autism after adolescence: population-based 13-to 22-year follow-up study of 120 individuals with autism diagnosed in childhood","volume":"35","author":"Billstedt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527321666220406105844","article-title":"Rethinking catatonia: new insights from the autism spectrum","volume":"22","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-008-0676-x","article-title":"Catatonia in autism: implications across the life span","volume":"17","author":"Kakooza-Mwesige","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901915010094","article-title":"Autistic traits and illness trajectories","volume":"15","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Pract. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315577517","article-title":"The health status of adults on the autism spectrum","volume":"19","author":"Croen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315585916","article-title":"Self and informant reports of mental health difficulties among adults with autism findings from a long-term follow-up study","volume":"19","author":"Moss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2021.1872506","article-title":"Autism and mood disorders","volume":"33","author":"Oakley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718002283","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Hollocks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2010.01220.x","article-title":"Exploring the nature and function of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"17","author":"Wood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361306062013","article-title":"Presentation of depression in autism and Asperger syndrome: a review","volume":"10","author":"Stewart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9020031","article-title":"Missed diagnosis of major depressive disorder with catatonia features","volume":"9","author":"Jhawer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.7.1233","article-title":"Catatonia in psychiatric classification: a home of its own","volume":"160","author":"Taylor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00181","article-title":"A clinical review of the treatment of catatonia","volume":"5","author":"Sienaert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-5\u2014Research version (SCID-5 for DSM-5, research version; SCID-5-RV)","author":"First","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.11.001","article-title":"Adult autism subthreshold spectrum (AdAS Spectrum): validation of a questionnaire investigating subthreshold autism spectrum","volume":"73","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1005653411471","article-title":"The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome\/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians","volume":"31","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-4-49","article-title":"RAADS-14 screen: validity of a screening tool for autism spectrum disorder in an adult psychiatric population","volume":"4","author":"Eriksson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852921000420","article-title":"Investigating the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and autistic traits in a university population","volume":"27","author":"Carpita","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852921000353","article-title":"Autism spectrum in patients with schizophrenia: correlations with real-life functioning, resilience, and coping styles","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852921000808","article-title":"Autistic traits and camouflaging behaviors: a cross-sectional investigation in a university student population","volume":"27","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12060792","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorder and fetal alcohol Spectrum disorder: a literature review","volume":"12","author":"Carpita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852922000037","article-title":"What misdiagnoses do women with autism spectrum disorder receive in the DSM-5?","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/nivxh9","article-title":"Adult autism subthreshold spectrum correlates to post-traumatic stress disorder spectrum in patients with fibromyalgia","volume":"39","author":"Carmassi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6703979","article-title":"Subthreshold autism Spectrum in a patient with anorexia nervosa and Beh\u00e7et's syndrome","volume":"2020","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071098","article-title":"Problematic internet use in university students attending three superior graduate schools in Italy: is autism spectrum related to suicide risk?","volume":"16","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11050621","article-title":"Investigating the relationship between autistic traits, ruminative thinking, and suicidality in a clinical sample of subjects with bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder","volume":"11","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017902016010204","article-title":"Defining the optimal threshold scores for adult autism subthreshold spectrum (AdAS Spectrum) in clinical and general population","volume":"16","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913286","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.913286","article-title":"Catatonia Spectrum: validation of a questionnaire investigating catatonia spectrum","volume":"13","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09814.x","article-title":"Catatonia. I. Rating scale and standardized examination","volume":"93","author":"Bush","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2002.29852","article-title":"Measuring mood spectrum: comparison of interview (SCI-MOODS) and self-report (MOODS-SR) instruments","volume":"43","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2002","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 26.0","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2005.19.5.505","article-title":"The McLean study of adult development (MSAD): overview and implications of the first six years of prospective follow-up","volume":"19","author":"Zanarini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0021-843x.106.2.307","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder features in nonclinical young adults: 2. Two-year outcome","volume":"106","author":"Trull","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2022.2334","article-title":"Investigating the relationship between autistic traits and symptoms and catatonia spectrum","volume":"65","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"179","article-title":"The neurodevelopmental continuum towards a neurodevelopmental gradient hypothesis","volume":"25","author":"Dell\u2019Osso","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychopatol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901612010120","article-title":"From Asperger's Autistischen Psychopathen to DSM-5 autism Spectrum disorder and beyond: a subthreshold autism spectrum model","volume":"12","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900005836","article-title":"The spectrum model: a more coherent approach to the complexity of psychiatric symptomatology","volume":"3","author":"Frank","year":"1998","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.34","article-title":"Neuropsychological profile of autism and the broad autism phenotype","volume":"66","author":"Losh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00346","article-title":"The broad autism (Endo)phenotype: neurostructural and neurofunctional correlates in parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"10","author":"Billeci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-017-0179-z","article-title":"Initial evidence that non-clinical autistic traits are associated with lower income","volume":"8","author":"Skylark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315604530","article-title":"Examining the relationship between autistic traits and college adjustment","volume":"20","author":"Trevisan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2012.09.006","article-title":"Clinical features of suicide attempts in adults with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"35","author":"Kato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-014-0033-z","article-title":"Comorbid atypical autistic traits as a potential risk factor for suicide attempts among adult depressed patients: a case-control study","volume":"13","author":"Takara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann General Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547975","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1547975","article-title":"Polysubstance and behavioral addictions in a patient with bipolar disorder: role of lifetime subthreshold autism spectrum","volume":"2018","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1092193\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T11:01:16Z","timestamp":1689850876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1092193\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1092193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1092193","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"article-number":"1092193"}}