{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T13:48:03Z","timestamp":1768312083271,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This single-blinded, randomized, parallel group superiority trial evaluates whether the Non-Violent Resistance (NVR) program, a 10-session parental-group intervention, was more effective in reducing stress in parents of children aged 6\u201320\u2009years and displaying severe tyrannical behavior (STB) compared to a treatment as usual (TAU) intervention that provided supportive counseling and psychoeducation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty two parents of youth aged 6\u201320\u2009years with STB were enrolled by the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department at the University Hospital of Montpellier (France). A random block and stratified by age (6\u201312 and 13\u201320\u2009years) randomization, was performed. All participants were interviewed by independent, blinded to group assignments, research assistants, and completed their assessments at baseline and treatment completion (4\u2009months from baseline). Since this program has not been previously evaluated in this population, the study primarily evaluated the efficacy, using the Parenting Stress Index\/Short Form (PSI-SF). The primary outcome was the change from baseline to treatment completion of the PSI-SF total score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy three participants completed the study and were available for analysis (36 NVR and 37 TAU). At completion, between-groups comparison of the change (completion minus baseline) in the total score of PSI-SF was not significant (NVR: \u22124.3 (\u00b1 13.9); TAU: \u22127.6 (\u00b1 19.6); two-sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.43; effect size of \u22120.19 [\u22120.67, 0.28]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrary to our expectation, NVR was not superior to TAU in reducing parental stress at completion for parents of children with STB. However, NVR showed positive outcomes in the follow-up, pointing to the importance to implement parental strategies and following this population over longer time periods in future projects.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:bold>: <jats:ext-link>Clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier NCT05567276.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1124028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T04:34:54Z","timestamp":1683174894000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Non-violent resistance parental training versus treatment as usual for children and adolescents with severe tyrannical behavior: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Erica","family":"Fongaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safa","family":"Aouinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Christine","family":"Picot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Pupier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haim","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Franc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Purper-Ouakil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015584372","article-title":"Adolescent-to-parent abuse as a form of \u201cdomestic violence\u201d: a conceptual review","volume":"17","author":"Holt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5093\/ejpalc2020a2","article-title":"Multivariate models of child-to-mother violence and child-to-father violence among adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Del Hoyo-Bilbao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Psychol Appl Legal Context"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16122215","article-title":"Adolescent-to-parent violence and family environment: the perceptions of same reality?","volume":"16","author":"Ibabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573728","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.573728","article-title":"Adolescent-to-parent violence: psychological and family adjustment","volume":"11","author":"Seijo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2017.11.001","article-title":"Sixty years of child-to-parent abuse research: what do we know and where do we go?","volume":"38","author":"Simmons","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Behav"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.034","article-title":"Child-to-parent violence: profile of abusive adolescent and their families","volume":"38","author":"Ibabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Crim Justice"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-013-9512-2","article-title":"Risk factors for child-to-parent violence","volume":"28","author":"Ibabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Fam Violence"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X09336631","article-title":"The relationship between adolescents\u2019 experience of family violence and dating violence","volume":"43","author":"Laporte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Youth Soc"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577757","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.577757","article-title":"A systematic review of youth-to-parent aggression: conceptualization, typologies, and instruments","volume":"11","author":"Ibabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5093\/ejpalc2020a5","article-title":"Assessing risk and protective factors in clinical and judicial child-to-parent violence cases","volume":"12","author":"Loinaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Psychol Appl Legal Context"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3917\/dunod.franc.2017.01","volume-title":"Accompagner les parents d'enfants tyranniques: programme en 13 s\u00e9ances","author":"Franc","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Enfants tyrans, parents souffrants","author":"Purper-Ouakil","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amp.2005.06.009","article-title":"Troubles oppositionnels de l\u2019enfant et tyrannie intrafamiliale: vers l\u2019individualisation de types cliniques","volume":"166","author":"Delaunay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann M\u00e9d Psychol Rev Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018059","article-title":"Psychopharmacology of aggression in children and adolescents with primary neuropsychiatric disorders: a review of current and potentially promising treatment options","volume":"18","author":"Nevels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"Investigating adolescent family violence in Victoria: understanding experiences and practitioner perspectives","author":"Fitz-Gibbon","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20088","article-title":"A newly identified group of adolescents at \u201cinvisible\u201d risk for psychopathology and suicidal behavior: findings from the SEYLE study","volume":"13","author":"Carli","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108891240","volume-title":"Non-emerging adulthood: helping parents of adult children with entrenched dependence","author":"Dulberger","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410617255","volume-title":"The psychology of demonization: promoting acceptance and reducing conflict","author":"Alon","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"La r\u00e9sistance non violente: une nouvelle approche des enfants violents et autodestructeurs","author":"Omer","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"42","article-title":"Non-violent resistance in the school","volume":"54","author":"Omer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paedagogik"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Authority without violence: coaching the parents of children with behaviour problems","author":"Omer","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Authority through relating: the practice of non-violent resistance in child-rearing","author":"Omer","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"44","article-title":"Non-violent resistance and violence against siblings","volume-title":"Coaching for parents: mothers, fathers and their \u201cjob\u201d","author":"Omer","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2001.4010100053.x","article-title":"Helping parents deal with children\u2019s acute disciplinary problems without escalation: the principle of non-violent resistance","volume":"40","author":"Omer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fam Process"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01723-8","article-title":"Parent training in non-violent resistance for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a controlled outcome study","volume":"31","author":"Schorr-Sapir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2013.10.004","article-title":"Parent training for childhood anxiety disorders: the SPACE program","volume":"21","author":"Lebowitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Pract"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-0606.2008.00054.x","article-title":"Non-violent resistance: a treatment for parents of children with acute behavior parents","volume":"34","author":"Weinblatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Marital Fam Ther"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731516662915","article-title":"Training in nonviolent resistance for foster parents: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Van Holen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res Soc Work Pract"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2012.01382.x","article-title":"Parent training in non-violent resistance for adult entitled dependence","volume":"51","author":"Lebowitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fam Process"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Parenting stress index","author":"Abidin","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Indice de stress parental: manuel francophone en compl\u00e9ment de l\u2019\u00e9dition am\u00e9ricaine","author":"Bigras","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5093\/pi2020a14","article-title":"Parenting stress index-short form: psychometric properties of the Spanish version in mothers of children aged 0 to 8 years","volume":"30","author":"Rivas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychosoc Interv"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000012","article-title":"Reciprocal influences between maternal parenting and child adjustment in a high-risk population: a 5-year cross-lagged analysis of bidirectional effects","volume":"84","author":"Barbot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-017-0822-5","article-title":"Parental stress and children's social and behavioral outcomes: the role of abuse potential over time","volume":"26","author":"Crum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12163","article-title":"Parenting stress, parental reactions, and externalizing behavior from ages 4 to 10","volume":"77","author":"Mackler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2016.02.006","article-title":"Child behavior problems: mothers\u2019 and fathers\u2019 mental health matters today and tomorrow","volume":"37","author":"Vallotton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Early Child Res Q"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.10.008","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for externalizing disorders: a meta-analysis of treatment effectiveness","volume":"75","author":"Battagliese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01544.x","article-title":"Predictors of parent training efficacy for child externalizing behavior problems \u2013 a meta-analytic review","volume":"47","author":"Reyno","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u00c9chelle d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et de d\u00e9pression en milieu hospitalier (\u00c9HAD) = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)","volume-title":"R\u00e9dactrices. R\u00e9pertoire ORVIS: fonctions mentales","author":"Duquette","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms and profiles","author":"Achenbach","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1017\/S0767399X00002297","article-title":"Le Child Behavior Checklist: un instrument pour la recherche en psychiatrie de l\u2019enfant","volume":"3","author":"Fombonne","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychiatr Psychobiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","article-title":"The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note","volume":"1997","author":"Goodman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759.23.2.79","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the French version of the self-report and teacher strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)","volume":"23","author":"Capron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Psychol Assess"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0489-8","article-title":"The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: validation study in French school-aged children and cross-cultural comparisons","volume":"44","author":"Shojaei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.01.003","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of a self-directed video-based 1-2-3 magic parenting program: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"66","author":"Porzig-Drummond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"How to calculate effect sizes from published research: a simplified methodology","author":"Thalheimer","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"Statistical analysis system","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.6018\/analesps.30.1.149521","article-title":"La violencia filio-parental: un an\u00e1lisis de sus claves [Violence against parents: key factors analysis]","volume":"30","author":"Aroca-Montol\u00edo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal Psicol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X03261330","article-title":"Adolescent-to-parent abuse: a qualitative overview of common themes","volume":"25","author":"Cottrell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Fam Issues"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.51.5.730","article-title":"The structure of psychological distress and well-being in general populations","volume":"51","author":"Veit","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00004","article-title":"Why cognitive behavioral therapy is the current gold standard of psychotherapy","volume":"9","author":"David","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12799","article-title":"Compared with what? An analysis of control-group types in Cochrane and Campbell reviews of psychosocial treatment efficacy with substance use disorders","volume":"110","author":"Karlsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood","author":"Matthys","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1181-5","article-title":"Child-based treatment of oppositional defiant disorder: mediating effects on parental depression, anxiety and stress","volume":"27","author":"Katzmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4426-1","article-title":"Optimising child outcomes from parenting interventions: fathers\u2019 experiences, preferences and barriers to participation","volume":"17","author":"Tully","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J019v27n04_01","article-title":"The inclusion of fathers in behavioral parent training: a critical evaluation","volume":"27","author":"Tiano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Fam Behav Ther"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3149\/fth.0903.291","article-title":"The impact of behavioural parent training on fathers' parenting: a meta-analysis of the triple P-positive parenting program","volume":"9","author":"Fletcher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fathering"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12280","article-title":"Practitioner review: engaging fathers-recommendations for a game change in parenting interventions based on a systematic review of the global evidence","volume":"55","author":"Panter-Brick","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054716648775","article-title":"Short- and long-term effects of parent training for preschool children with or at risk of ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Rimestad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-011-0273-y","article-title":"The social ecology of adolescent-initiated parent abuse: a review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1124028\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T04:35:10Z","timestamp":1683174910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1124028\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1124028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1124028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"article-number":"1124028"}}