{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:27:04Z","timestamp":1789021624184,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011841","name":"Xinxiang Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011841","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) identifies neurophysiological differences between psychiatric disorders by assessing cortical hemodynamic function. Few trials have studied differences in brain functional activity between first-episode medication-na\u00efve depression patients (FMD) and recurrent major depression (RMD). We aimed to determine the differences between FMD and RMD in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]), and to investigate the correlation between frontotemporal cortex activation and clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited 40 patients with FMD, 53 with RMD, and 38 healthy controls (HCs) from May 2021 to April 2022. Symptom severity was assessed with the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). A 52-channel fNIRS measured changes in [oxy-Hb] during VFT performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both patient groups performed poorly during the VFT task compared with HC (FDR <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two patient groups. Analysis of variance showed that mean [oxy-Hb] activation was lower in both the frontal and temporal lobes in the MDD group compared with HCs (FDR <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Additionally, patients with RMD had a significantly lower hemodynamic response in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and dorsal frontal pole cortex (DFPC) than patients with FMD (FDR <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). No significant correlation was found between changes in mean [oxy-Hb] and either medical history or clinical symptoms (FDR <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of different neurofunctional activity in some of the same brain regions in FMD and RMD patients implied a link between the level of complexity activation in frontal regions and the stage of MDD. Cognitive impairment may already be present at the beginning of an MDD episode.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier ChiCTR2100043432.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1132666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T05:09:48Z","timestamp":1681189788000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The fNIRS evaluation of frontal and temporal lobe cortical activation in Chinese first-episode medication-na\u00efve and recurrent depression during a verbal fluency 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