{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:24:05Z","timestamp":1789608245299,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016804","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20200814144102001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200814144102001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012235","name":"Shenzhen Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["000513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["000513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012235","name":"Shenzhen Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["000514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["000514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>With rapid population aging in China, geriatric depression has imposed a heavy burden on public health and society. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in China. The findings of this study will contribute to the early detection and effective interventions for older adults with depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among people aged \u226565 years old in urban communities in Shenzhen, China, in 2021. This study assessed depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale-5, GDS-5), physical frailty (FRAIL Scale, FS), and physical function (Katz index of independence in the Activities of Daily Living, ADL). Multiple linear regression was used to examine potential predictors of depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 576 participants aged 71.73 \u00b1 6.41 years were included in the analysis. More than half of them were females (53.0%). The average score of GDS-5 was 0.57 \u00b1 1.11, with 78 (13.61%) participants with depressive symptoms (\u22652). The mean scores of FS and ADL were 0.80 \u00b1 1.08 and 9.49 \u00b1 1.67, respectively. The final regression model indicated that those who were living alone, less satisfied with their personal life, frailer, and with worse abilities in ADL had a higher level of depression symptoms (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.406, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high in this urban community-dwelling older adults in China. Given the critical role of frailty and ADL on depressive symptoms, specific attention to psychological support should be paid to older adults who are living alone and with poor physical conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1134427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T10:31:22Z","timestamp":1676457082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The critical role of physical frailty and function on depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in China: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuru","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xilin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xichenhui","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Ageing and Health2022"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Mental Health of Older Adults2018"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2","article-title":"Depression","volume":"392","author":"Malhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S154876","article-title":"Late-life depression: issues for the general practitioner","volume":"11","author":"Van Damme","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","article-title":"Frailty consensus: a call to action","volume":"14","author":"Morley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.03.005","article-title":"Relationship between depression and frailty in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Soysal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2807","article-title":"Depression and frailty in later life: a synthetic review","volume":"27","author":"Mezuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2014.967174","article-title":"The relationship between depression and frailty syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Buigues","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S69632","article-title":"Depression and frailty in later life: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Vaughan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E123","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0000000000000246","article-title":"Age- and gender-related changes in physical function in community-dwelling Brazilian adults aged 50 to 102 years","volume":"44","author":"Coelho-Junior","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.07.009","article-title":"Physical activity and physical function: moving and aging","volume":"45","author":"Dugan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2020.61","article-title":"Physical functional assessment in older adults","volume":"10","author":"Patrizio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-206978","article-title":"Frailty as a predictor of hospitalisation among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Kojima","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.04.006","article-title":"Frailty defined by frail scale as a predictor of mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Kojima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.07.019","article-title":"Quick and simple frail scale predicts incident activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Kojima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am MedDir Assoc."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-206717","article-title":"Association between frailty and quality of life among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Kojima","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205014666170417104236","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Kojima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101513","article-title":"Physical activity and exercise: Strategies to manage frailty","volume":"35","author":"Angulo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19111158","article-title":"An exposure-wide and mendelian randomization approach to identifying modifiable factors for the prevention of depression","volume":"177","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatr."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"p. 567","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb03848.x","article-title":"Development and testing of a five-item version of the geriatric depression scale","author":"Hoyl","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2003.00133.x","article-title":"Comparing various short-form geriatric depression scales leads to the GDS-5\/15","volume":"35","author":"Weeks","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.27272\/d.cnki.gshdu.2020.004930","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Relationship Between Sleep and Physical Frailty Among Chinese Community Dwelling Older Adults: Depression as a Mediator and Its Interaction With Sleep"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2019.1664961","article-title":"Associations of alcohol consumption status with activities of daily living among older adults in China","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Ethn Subst Abuse."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601e608","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0084-2","article-title":"A simple frailty questionnaire(FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans","volume":"16","author":"Morley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.06.011","article-title":"Cross-Cultural adaptation and validation of the FRAIL scale in chinese community-dwelling older adults","volume":"19","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/10.1_Part_1.20","article-title":"Progress in development of the index of ADL","volume":"10","author":"Katz","year":"1970","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-3743.2007.00074.x","article-title":"A comparative review of the Katz ADL and the Barthel Index in assessing the activities of daily living of older adults","volume":"2","author":"Hartigan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Older adults Nurs."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00619-3","article-title":"Functional disabilities and changes in sleep quality and duration among older adults: results from a longitudinal study in China, 2005\u20132014","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Geriatr Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00417","article-title":"The influence of disabilities in activities of daily living on successful aging: The role of well-being and residence location","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B31","volume-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics.","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2013"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743193","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.743193","article-title":"Analysis of factors associated with depression in community-dwelling older adults in Wuhan, China","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.070","article-title":"Comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms and frailty among older adults: fifindings from the West China health and aging trend study","volume":"277","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affffect Disord."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8101554","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm810","article-title":"Prevalence of psychological frailty in Japan: NCGG-SGS as a Japanese national cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Shimada","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211000780","article-title":"Age- and gender-specifific prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly: a population-based study","volume":"23","author":"Glaesmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799001452","article-title":"Does old age reduce the risk of anxiety and depression? A review of epidemiological studies across the adult life span","volume":"30","author":"Jorm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2017.14.3.240","article-title":"Impact of anxiety and depression on physical health condition and disability in an elderly Korean population","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000707","article-title":"Comparing anxiety and depression to obesity and smoking as predictors of major medical illnesses and somatic symptoms","volume":"38","author":"Niles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2016.10.007","article-title":"Frailty and chronic kidney disease: a systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61489-0","article-title":"Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing","volume":"385","author":"Steptoe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S113576","article-title":"Depression and chronic pain in the elderly: links and management challenges","volume":"12","author":"Zis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0064-2","article-title":"Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty","volume":"15","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53405.x","article-title":"Frailty: emergence and consequences in women aged 65 and older in the women's health initiative observational study","volume":"53","author":"Woods","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu180","article-title":"Depression and frailty in late life: evidence for a common vulnerability","volume":"71","author":"Lohman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.09.033","article-title":"A Meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression","volume":"67","author":"Dowlati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.01.002","article-title":"Differential association of somatic and cognitive symptoms of depression and anxiety with inflammation: findings from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)","volume":"38","author":"Duivis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181907c1b","article-title":"Associations of depression with c-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Howren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.03.003","article-title":"Clinical anxiety, cortisol and interleukin-6: evidence for specificity in emotion\u2013biology relationships","volume":"24","author":"O'Donovan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp097","article-title":"Higher inflammatory marker levels in older persons: associations with 5-year change in muscle mass and muscle strength","volume":"64","author":"Schaap","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.06.005","article-title":"The depressed frail phenotype: the clinical manifestation of increased biological aging","volume":"24","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B51","first-page":"251","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus on frailty assessment and intervention of elderly patients","volume-title":"Chin J Geriatr.","author":"Hao","year":"2017"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2307\/2136433","article-title":"Social support, stressful life events, and illness: a model and an empirical test","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2017.1310803","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive symptoms and its associated factors older adults: a cross-sectional study in Kathmandu","volume":"22","author":"Simkhada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nepal Aging Ment Health."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1134427\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T10:31:35Z","timestamp":1676457095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1134427\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1134427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1134427","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"article-number":"1134427"}}