{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:03:35Z","timestamp":1791432215960,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537001003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537001003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Suicidal intrusions are uncontrollable, intrusive mental images (e. g., visualizing a future suicidal act). They may also be called suicidal \u201cflash-forwards.\u201d Despite the importance of integrating the assessment of suicidal intrusions into a clinical routine assessment, quick self-report screening instruments are lacking. This study describes the development of a new instrument\u2014Suicidal Intrusions Attributes Scale (SINAS)\u2014to assess the severity and characteristics of suicidal intrusions and examines its psychometric properties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample included currently suicidal outpatients with elevated levels of depression recruited across mental health institutions in the Netherlands (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 168). Instruments administered were 10-item SINAS, the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS), the Prospective Imagery Task (PIT), four-item Suicidal Cognitions Interview (SCI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An exploratory factor analysis identified a one-factor structure. The resulting SINAS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's \u03b1 = 0.91) and convergent validity, as expected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, this study demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability and validity of the measure in a depressed clinical population with suicidal ideation. The SINAS may be a useful screening tool for suicidal intrusions in both research and clinical settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1158340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T11:23:10Z","timestamp":1688556190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Suicidal Intrusions Attributes Scale (SINAS): a new tool measuring suicidal intrusions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ja\u00ebl S.","family":"van Bentum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ad J. F. M.","family":"Kerkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus J. H.","family":"Huibers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"de Geus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marit","family":"Sijbrandij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2007.10.004","article-title":"Imagery about suicide in depression-\u201cFlash-forwards\u201d?","volume":"38","author":"Holmes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.10.018","article-title":"\u2018Flash-forwards' and suicidal ideation: a prospective investigation of mental imagery, entrapment and defeat in a cohort from the Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey","volume":"246","author":"Ng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00954.x","article-title":"Cognitions in bipolar affective disorder and unipolar depression: Imagining suicide","volume":"13","author":"Hales","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"178","article-title":"Cognitive therapy and suicidality in PTSD: and recent thoughts on flashbacks to trauma versus \u2018flashforwards to suicide'","author":"Holmes","year":"2009","journal-title":"A Case Book of Cognitive Therapy for Traumatic Stress Reactions"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(00)00057-X","article-title":"Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: a meta-analysis of controlled studies","volume":"21","author":"Abramowitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1177\/21676968211001593","article-title":"Suicidal mental imagery: Investigating a novel marker of suicide risk","volume":"10","author":"Lawrence","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Adulthood"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.02.002","article-title":"Mental imagery as a \u201cmotivational amplifier\u201d to promote activities","volume":"114","author":"Renner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-011-9255-4","article-title":"Ego-syntonicity and ego-dystonicity associated with upsetting intrusive cognitions","volume":"34","author":"Belloch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.741","article-title":"Suicidal imagery in a previously depressed community sample","volume":"19","author":"Crane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-021815-092925","article-title":"Mental imagery in depression: phenomenology, potential mechanisms, and treatment implications","volume":"12","author":"Holmes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Suicidal imagery in borderline personality disorder and major depressive disorder","volume":"33","author":"Schultebraucks","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pers Disord."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01872.x","article-title":"Picture yourself at the polls: visual perspective in mental imagery affects self-perception and behavior","volume":"18","author":"Libby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100114","article-title":"Mental images of suicide: theoretical framework and preliminary findings in depressed youth attending outpatient care","volume":"4","author":"de Rozario","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord Rep."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167299025002010","article-title":"From thought to action: effects of process- versus outcome-based mental simulations on performance","volume":"25","author":"Pham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soc Person Soc Psychol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-020-00750-4","article-title":"Suicidal mental imagery in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents","volume":"49","author":"Lawrence","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol."},{"key":"B16","author":"Beck","year":"1996","journal-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.47.2.343","article-title":"Assessment of suicidal intention: the Scale for Suicide Ideation","volume":"47","author":"Beck","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.11.006","article-title":"Comfort from suicidal cognition in recurrently depressed patients","volume":"155","author":"Crane","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.05.007","article-title":"Mental imagery in bipolar affective disorder versus unipolar depression: investigating cognitions at times of \u201cpositive\u201d mood","volume":"166","author":"Ivins","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15842\/kjcp.2020.39.1.001","article-title":"Development and validation of the suicidal imagery questionnaire","volume":"39","author":"Ko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kor J Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679779","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.679779","article-title":"Review of suicide risk assessment tools and their measured psychometric properties in Korea","volume":"12","author":"Baek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12084","article-title":"The suicidal ideation attributes scale (SIDAS): community-based validation study of a new scale for the measurement of suicidal ideation","volume":"44","author":"van Spijker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201704.0152.v1","article-title":"Treatment of intrusive suicidal imagery using eye movements","volume":"14","author":"van Bentum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2007.10.007","article-title":"Imagery rescripting in cognitive behaviour therapy: images, treatment techniques and outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Holmes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry."},{"key":"B25","author":"Van Bentum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Suicidal Intrusions Attributes Scale"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7135-6","author":"McCoach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Instrument Development in the Affective Domain: School and Corporate Applications"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2129-0","article-title":"Treating repetitive suicidal intrusions using eye movements: Study protocol for a multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"van Bentum","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B28","first-page":"34","article-title":"The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.06.012","article-title":"Prospective mental imagery in patients with major depressive disorder or anxiety disorders","volume":"25","author":"Morina","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930050117693","article-title":"Prospective cognitions in anxiety and depression: Replication and methodological extension","volume":"14","author":"Stober","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cogn Emot."},{"key":"B31","author":"van","year":"2002","journal-title":"Handleiding bij de Nederlandse Versie van Beck Depression Inventory\u2014second edition (BDI-II-NL)"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000006288127","article-title":"Scale development research: a content analysis and recommendations for best practices","volume":"34","author":"Worthington","year":"2006","journal-title":"Couns Psychol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327825MCS0403_01","article-title":"Defining identification","volume":"4","author":"Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mass Commun Soc."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-016-9776-y","article-title":"Effects of engaging in repeated mental imagery of future positive events on behavioural activation in individuals with major depressive disorder","volume":"41","author":"Renner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.5243\/jsswr.2010.8","article-title":"Author guidelines for reporting scale development and results in the journal of the society for social work and research","volume":"1","author":"Cabrera-Nguyen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Soc. Soc. Work Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1158340\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T11:23:29Z","timestamp":1688556209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1158340\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1158340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1158340","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"article-number":"1158340"}}