{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T02:35:00Z","timestamp":1786674900957,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000855","name":"University of Birmingham","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly recurrent. Identifying risk factors for relapse in depression is essential to improve prevention plans and therapeutic outcomes. Personality traits and personality disorders are widely considered to impact outcomes in MDD. We aimed to evaluate the role of personality aspects in the risk of relapse and recurrence in MDD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A PROSPERO-registered systematic review was conducted using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL as data sources, together with hand searching of four journals over the five years till 2022. There was independent abstract selection, quality assessment and data extraction from each study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty two studies me t eligibility criteria involving 12,393 participants. Neurotic personality features are significantly associated with the risk of relapse and recurrence of depression, though the data is not uniform. There is some, though limited, evidence that borderline, obsessive-compulsive and dependent personality traits or disorders increase the risk for relapse in depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>The small number, in addition to the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies, did not allow further analysis, such as meta-analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with high neuroticism and dependent personality traits, borderline personality disorder or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, compared to those without, may be at a higher risk of experiencing relapse or recurrence of MDD. Specific and targeted interventions may potentially reduce relapse and recurrence rates in these groups and could improve outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=235919<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier: CRD42021235919.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1176355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T04:29:33Z","timestamp":1683260973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Personality traits as risk factors for relapse or recurrence in major depression: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nada","family":"Altaweel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Upthegrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Surtees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buse","family":"Durdurak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Marwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.08.002","article-title":"Changes in the global burden of depression from 1990 to 2017: findings from the global burden of disease study","volume":"126","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02080-3","article-title":"Novel and emerging treatments for major depression","volume":"25","author":"Marwaha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465819000080","article-title":"Predictors of depression relapse and recurrence after cognitive behavioural therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Wojnarowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810330075011","article-title":"Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder: remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence","volume":"48","author":"Frank","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.02.005","article-title":"Risk for recurrence in depression","volume":"27","author":"Burcusa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.07.005","article-title":"Risk factors for relapse and recurrence of depression in adults and how they operate: a four-phase systematic review and meta-synthesis","volume":"64","author":"Buckman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.04.006","article-title":"How durable is the effect of low intensity CBT for depression and anxiety? 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