{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:26:52Z","timestamp":1790144812315,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index (IVCF-20) is a validated multidimensional instrument that has been used in Brazil to evaluate functional disability in frail older adults. The main aim of this study was to assess frailty using this novel screening tool. In addition, to investigate whether frailty was associated with cognitive impairment and functional disability in older adults with affective disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants included were over 60\u2009years old, with affective disorders (depressive or anxiety disorders), from two specialized outpatient clinics. The sample was comprised of 46 patients (30% of a total from 153). The following instruments were applied: Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); Verbal Fluency Test (VFT); Pfeffer Questionnaire or Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ); Katz Index; Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15); Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and IVCF-20 as well as sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires. The association between the variables of interest was estimated using Spearman correlation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study found a negative correlation between frailty and cognitive decline (MMSE; rs\u2009=\u2009\u22120.58; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001); (VFT; rs\u2009=\u2009\u22120.60; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001); (CDT; rs\u2009=\u2009\u22120.47; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.001) and a positive correlation between frailty and depressive symptoms (GDS-15; rs\u2009=\u20090.34; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.019) as well as disability for IADLs (FAQ; rs\u2009=\u20090.69; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001). However, there was no statistical difference in the association between frailty and anxiety symptoms (GAI; rs\u2009=\u20090.24; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.103) or disability for BADLs (Katz; rs\u2009=\u2009\u22120.02; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.895).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data support that the associations between frailty, cognitive and functional disability are prevalent issues in Psychogeriatrics. Assessing frailty in a multidimensional context is essential using a rapid assessment frailty tool in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1181997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T05:13:20Z","timestamp":1689052400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of frailty with cognitive impairment and functional disability in older adults with affective disorders: a brief research report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ariane M.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus K.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Active ageing: A policy framework","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2021.114","article-title":"Life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and burden of disease in older people in the Americas, 1990-2019: a population-based study","volume":"45","author":"Martinez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S328432","article-title":"The frail depressed patient: a narrative review on treatment challenges","volume":"17","author":"Aprahamian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5588","article-title":"A 6-year prospective clinical cohort study on the bidirectional association between frailty and depressive disorder","volume":"36","author":"Oude Voshaar","year":"","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1177\/01640275211045603","article-title":"Psychological and social factors associated with coexisting frailty and cognitive impairment: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Ellwood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Aging"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3424","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18021","article-title":"Frailty and affective disorders throughout adult life: a 5-year follow-up of the lifelines cohort study","volume":"70","author":"Borges","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00269","article-title":"Recommendations for the use of ICT in elderly populations with affective disorders","volume":"8","author":"Gros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e171","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp19X701297","article-title":"Management of depression and referral of older people to psychological therapies: a systematic review of qualitative studies","volume":"69","author":"Frost","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66665-2","article-title":"Depression in the elderly","volume":"365","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9705-0_28","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in the elderly","volume":"1191","author":"Andreescu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00026","article-title":"Frailty as a predictor of cognitive disorders: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Borges","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.2229","article-title":"Excess mortality in depressive and anxiety disorders: the lifelines cohort study","volume":"64","author":"Oude Voshaar","year":"","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0216166","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216166","article-title":"Instruments for the detection of frailty syndrome in older adults: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Faller","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1590\/S1518-8787.2016050006963","article-title":"Clinical-functional vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20): rapid recognition of frail older adults","volume":"50","author":"Moraes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1590\/s0034-89102008000500020","article-title":"Translation, adaptation and construct validation of the clock test among elderly in Brazil","volume":"42","author":"Atalaia-Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X1994000100001","article-title":"O Mini-Exame do Estado mental em uma popula\u00e7\u00e3o geral. Impacto da escolaridade [the Mini-mental state examination in a general population: impact of educational status]","volume":"52","author":"Bertolucci","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-282x1997000100009","article-title":"Dados normativos para o teste de flu\u00eancia verbal categoria animais em nosso meio [Normative data on the verbal fluency test in the animal category in our milieu]","volume":"55","author":"Brucki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642011DN05040010","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation of the \"functional activities questionnaire\u2014FAQ\" for use in Brazil","volume":"5","author":"Sanchez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dement Neuropsychol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1590\/s0102-311x2008000100010","article-title":"Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o transcultural da Escala de Independ\u00eancia em Atividades da Vida Di\u00e1ria (Escala de Katz) [cross-cultural adaptation of the Independence in activities of daily living index (Katz index)]","volume":"24","author":"Lino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-282x1999000300013","article-title":"Confiabilidade da vers\u00e3o Brasileira da escala de depress\u00e3o em geriatria (GDS) vers\u00e3o reduzida [reliability of the Brazilian version of the ++abbreviated form of geriatric depression scale (GDS) short form]","volume":"57","author":"Almeida","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214001021","article-title":"Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of geriatric anxiety inventory--GAI-BR","volume":"27","author":"Massena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.03.005","article-title":"Relationship between depression and frailty in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Soysal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1017\/S104161021800100X","article-title":"Depression is associated with self-rated frailty in older adults from an outpatient clinic: a prospective study","volume":"31","author":"Aprahamian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1639-x","article-title":"Longitudinal association between late-life depression (LLD) and frailty: findings from a prospective cohort study (MiMiCS-FRAIL)","volume":"25","author":"Borges","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-013-0367-2","article-title":"Cognitive frailty: rational and definition from an (I.a.N.a.\/I.a.G.G.) international consensus group","volume":"17","author":"Kelaiditi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.09.118","article-title":"Association of depression with cognitive frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"320","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.09.015","article-title":"Cognitive frailty and adverse health outcomes: findings from the Singapore longitudinal ageing studies (SLAS)","volume":"18","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104112","article-title":"Prevalence of cognitive frailty among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13590","article-title":"The relationship between frailty and polypharmacy in older people: a systematic review","volume":"84","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Valencia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly110","article-title":"Frailty and multimorbidity: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Vetrano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31786-6","article-title":"Frailty: implications for clinical practice and public health","volume":"394","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1590\/s1807-59322011000800012","article-title":"Detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly by general internists in Brazil","volume":"66","author":"Jacinto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648211056230","article-title":"Cognitive screening instruments for older adults with low educational and literacy levels: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Pellicer-Espinosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Gerontol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1181997\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T05:13:23Z","timestamp":1689052403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1181997\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1181997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1181997","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"article-number":"1181997"}}