{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:04:12Z","timestamp":1788455052802,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Late-life depression (LLD) is linked to various medical conditions and influenced by aging-related processes. Sleep disturbances and insomnia symptoms may be early indicators or risk factors for depression. Neuroimaging studies have attempted to understand the neural mechanisms underlying LLD, focusing on different brain networks. This study aims to further delineate discriminative brain structural profiles for LLD with insomnia using MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed 24 cases in the LLD with insomnia group, 26 cases in the LLD group, and 26 in the healthy control (HC) group. Patients were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Structural MRI data were gathered and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify differences in gray matter volume (GMV) among the groups. Correlation analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between GMV and clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant difference in sex distribution was observed across the groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029). However, no significant differences were detected in age and MMSE scores among the groups. LLD with insomnia group exhibited significantly higher HAMA (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041) and PSQI scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) compared to the LLD group. ANOVA identified significant difference in GMV of anterior lobe of cerebellum (peak MNI coordinate: <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200952, <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u221240, <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u221230) among HC, LLD, and LLD with insomnia. Post-hoc two-sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests revealed that the significant difference in GMV was only found between the LLD group and the HC group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The mean GMV in the cerebellum was positively correlated with HAMA scale in LLD patients (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.47, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is significant difference in GMV in the LLD group, the association between late-life depression and insomnia may be linked to anxiety. This study provides insights into the discriminative brain structural profiles of LLD and LLD with insomnia, advancing the understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms and potential targets for intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1201256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T06:52:34Z","timestamp":1684392754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A voxel-based morphometry investigation of brain structure variations in late-life depression with insomnia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":""},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.12.002","article-title":"Prevalence of late-life depression and gap in mental health service use across European regions","volume":"57","author":"Horackova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.050","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"293","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12644","article-title":"Depression among older adults: a systematic review of south Asian countries","volume":"21","author":"Assariparambil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0232-0","article-title":"The symptom network structure of depressive symptoms in late-life: results from a European population study","volume":"25","author":"Belvederi Murri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.5706","article-title":"Management of depression in older adults: a review","volume":"317","author":"Kok","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5219","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5219","article-title":"Depression in older adults","volume":"343","author":"Rodda","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12319","article-title":"Sleep disorders in the elderly: a growing challenge","volume":"18","author":"Gulia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07121882","article-title":"Sleep disturbance and depression recurrence in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective study","volume":"165","author":"Cho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.5665\/SLEEP.1170","article-title":"Insomnia and daytime sleepiness are risk factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly","volume":"34","author":"Jaussent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref12","year":""},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.4.481","article-title":"Is insomnia a perpetuating factor for late-life depression in the IMPACT cohort?","volume":"31","author":"Pigeon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0514-6","article-title":"Mechanisms and treatment of late-life depression","volume":"9","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.20","article-title":"The vascular depression hypothesis: mechanisms linking vascular disease with depression","volume":"18","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.12.002","article-title":"Functional connectivity in the cognitive control network and the default mode network in late-life depression","volume":"139","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2006.8.2\/bleonard","article-title":"Changes in the immune system in depression and dementia: causal or coincidental effects?","volume":"8","author":"Leonard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.05.009","article-title":"The neurobiology of depression in later-life: clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and pathophysiological features","volume":"98","author":"Naismith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988713516539","article-title":"Brain network dysfunction in late-life depression: a literature review","volume":"27","author":"Tadayonnejad","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"ref20","year":""},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.03.049","article-title":"Gray matter abnormalities in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of voxel based morphometry studies","volume":"138","author":"Bora","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101569","article-title":"Functional connectivity changes in insomnia disorder: a systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Fasiello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13790","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13790","article-title":"Associations between insomnia symptoms and functional connectivity in the UK biobank cohort (n = 29,423)","author":"Holub","year":"","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.02.006","article-title":"Increased hippocampal-prefrontal functional connectivity in insomnia","volume":"160","author":"Leerssen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.088","article-title":"Abnormal functional connectivity density in patients with major depressive disorder with comorbid insomnia","volume":"266","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-9932-y","article-title":"Abnormalities of thalamus volume and resting state functional connectivity in primary insomnia patients","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.10.006","article-title":"Insomnia as a predictor of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Hertenstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04339-7","article-title":"The sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of the late-life depression patients: results from the Beijing Anding hospital mental health big data platform","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"S366","article-title":"Incidence and remission of insomnia among elderly adults: an epidemiologic study of 6,800 persons over three years","volume":"22","author":"Foley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep J Sleep Res Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20435","article-title":"Symptoms of anxiety in depression: assessment of item performance of the Hamilton anxiety rating scale in patients with depression","volume":"25","author":"Vaccarino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"ref31","year":""},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00952-y","article-title":"Complaints of daytime sleepiness, insomnia, hypnotic use, and risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study in the elderly","volume":"14","author":"Cavaill\u00e8s","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.09.001","article-title":"Functional localization in the cerebellum","volume":"47","author":"Glickstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00754-9","article-title":"Diversity and dynamism in the cerebellum","volume":"24","author":"de Zeeuw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0911-6044(00)00011-7","article-title":"The role of the cerebellum in affect and psychosis","volume":"13","author":"Schmahmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurolinguistics"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bhac542","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac542","article-title":"Connectomic disturbances in Duchenne muscular dystrophy with mild cognitive impairment","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0002-7","article-title":"The basal ganglia and the cerebellum: nodes in an integrated network","volume":"19","author":"Bostan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.11.008","article-title":"Evidence for topographic organization in the cerebellum of motor control versus cognitive and affective processing","volume":"46","author":"Stoodley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.739138","article-title":"A narrative review of cerebellar malfunctions and sleep disturbances","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2017.03.001","article-title":"The sleeping cerebellum","volume":"40","author":"Canto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3901","article-title":"The connectomics of brain disorders","volume":"16","author":"Fornito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-02001-3","article-title":"Effect-size seed-based d mapping of resting-state fMRI for persistent insomnia disorder","volume":"24","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5586","article-title":"Gender differences in regional brain activity in patients with chronic primary insomnia: evidence from a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"12","author":"Dai","year":"","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102016","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analyses of neural structural and functional differences in generalized anxiety disorder and healthy controls using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"24","author":"Kolesar","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3706","article-title":"The effects of sleep dysfunction on cognition, affect, and quality of life in individuals with cerebellar Ataxia","volume":"10","author":"Sonni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med JCSM"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.01.022","article-title":"Neural structures, functioning and connectivity in generalized anxiety disorder and interaction with neuroendocrine systems: a systematic review","volume":"158","author":"Hilbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-010-0147-5","article-title":"Localized gray matter volume abnormalities in generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"261","author":"Schienle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1201256\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T06:52:37Z","timestamp":1684392757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1201256\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1201256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1201256","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"article-number":"1201256"}}