{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:22:37Z","timestamp":1778170957552,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with panic disorder frequently face ongoing symptoms, suboptimal treatment adherence, and increased relapse rates. Although mobile health interventions have shown promise in improving treatment outcomes for numerous mental health conditions, their effectiveness, specifically for panic disorder, has yet to be determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates the effects of a mobile-aided case management program on symptom reduction and quality of care among individuals with panic disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This 3-year cohort study enrolled 138 participants diagnosed with panic disorder. One hundred and eight participants joined the mobile-aided case management group and 30 in the treatment-as-usual group. Data were collected at baseline, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month treatment checkpoints using self-report questionnaires, in-depth interviews, direct observation, and medical record analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the maintenance treatment phase, the mobile-assisted case management group decreased both panic severity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) and state anxiety (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016) more than the control group at 6 months. Participants who underwent case management experienced enhanced control over panic symptoms, heightened self-awareness, and elevated interpersonal support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mobile-aided case management is beneficial in managing panic disorder, especially maintenance treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1203194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T06:51:16Z","timestamp":1697698276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhancing panic disorder treatment with mobile-aided case management: an exploratory study based on a 3-year cohort analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chan-hen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mesakh","family":"Christian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feipei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"In: Case Management Society of America [internet]","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Leadership and nursing care management","author":"Diane Huber","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"289-xxiii","volume-title":"The strengths model: Case management with people with psychiatric disabilities","author":"Rapp","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD007906","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007906.pub3","article-title":"Intensive case management for severe mental illness","volume":"2017","author":"Dieterich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.8.913","article-title":"The development and implementation of case management for substance use disorders in North America and Europe","volume":"55","author":"Vanderplasschen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3751-3","article-title":"eHealth-supported case management for patients with panic disorder or depression in primary care: study protocol for a cRCT (PREMA)","volume":"20","author":"Lukaschek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0159","article-title":"The effects of a team-based intervention\u2014a cluster-randomized trial","volume":"116","author":"Gensichen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S120070","article-title":"Collaborative care in real-world settings: barriers and opportunities for sustainability","volume":"11","author":"Sanchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0287718","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287718","article-title":"CBT-intervention for panic disorder in primary care: 5 years follow-up of a cRCT during the Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Lukaschek","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2018.12.21.1","article-title":"Pharmacological and Neuromodulatory treatments for panic Disorder: clinical trials from 2010 to 2018","volume":"16","author":"Zugliani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Evidence-based pharmacotherapies for panic Disorder. The psychology of panic","author":"Norrholm","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with panic Disorder","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17024","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.24","article-title":"Anxiety disorders","volume":"3","author":"Craske","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: management","volume-title":"Clinical Guideline","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.3\/akaczkurkin","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: an update on the empirical evidence","volume":"17","author":"Kaczkurkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511543562.021","article-title":"The unmet need for treatment in panic disorder and social phobia","volume-title":"Unmet need in psychiatry: Problems, resources, responses","author":"Hunt","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2014.996286","article-title":"Novel investigational therapeutics for panic disorder","volume":"24","author":"Perna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.106205","article-title":"\u201cDont tell me that I am hysterical\u201d: unmet needs of patients with panic disorder","volume":"41","author":"Kolek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinol Lett"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"505","volume-title":"mHealth for mental health: Integrating smartphone technology in behavioral healthcare","author":"Luxton","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1179","article-title":"Influence of psychiatric comorbidity on recovery and recurrence in generalized anxiety Disorder, social phobia, and panic Disorder: a 12-year prospective study","volume":"162","author":"Steven","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2010.04.002","article-title":"Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: a review of meta-analytic findings","volume":"33","author":"Olatunji","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.3.290","article-title":"A randomized effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication for primary care panic disorder","volume":"62","author":"Roy-Byrne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.001","article-title":"Treatment-resistant panic disorder: clinical significance, concept and management","volume":"70","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"763","article-title":"Treatment of anxiety disorders in primary care practice: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"van Boeijen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.4984","article-title":"Mental health smartphone apps: review and evidence-based recommendations for future developments","volume":"3","author":"Bakker","year":"2016","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31170","DOI":"10.2196\/31170","article-title":"Mobile apps that promote emotion regulation, positive mental health, and well-being in the general population: systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Eisenstadt","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2020.1790688","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a smartphone-based application for the treatment of anxiety","volume":"31","author":"Newman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.08.012","article-title":"The impact of digital technology on psychological treatments and their dissemination","volume":"88","author":"Fairburn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2017.1401115","article-title":"Internet-based vs. face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Cogn","volume":"47","author":"Carlbring","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719839381","article-title":"Internet interventions for adults with anxiety and mood disorders: a narrative umbrella review of recent Meta-analyses","volume":"64","author":"Andersson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1348\/135910709X466063","article-title":"Ecological momentary interventions: incorporating mobile technology into psychosocial and health behaviour treatments","volume":"15","author":"Heron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702007225","article-title":"Computerized, interactive, multimedia cognitive-behavioural program for anxiety and depression in general practice","volume":"33","author":"Proudfoot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD011565","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011565.pub2","article-title":"Therapist-supported internet cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adults","volume":"2016","author":"Olthuis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2018.07.006","article-title":"ICBT in routine care: a descriptive analysis of successful clinics in five countries","volume":"13","author":"Titov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e176","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7332","article-title":"Mental health Mobile apps for preadolescents and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Grist","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20472","article-title":"The efficacy of smartphone-based mental health interventions for depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Firth","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33063","DOI":"10.2196\/33063","article-title":"Panic attack prediction using wearable devices and machine learning: development and cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Tsai","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"22-33; quiz 34\u201357","article-title":"The Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02560-w","article-title":"Reliability, validity and cut-off score of the Chinese version of the panic disorder severity scale self-report form in patients with panic disorder","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10049","article-title":"Reliability of the self-report version of the panic disorder severity scale","volume":"15","author":"Houck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"1","article-title":"State-trait anxiety inventory","volume-title":"The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology","author":"Spielberger","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"287","article-title":"An investigation of multidimensional factorial validity of the Chinese version of state-trait anxiety inventory","volume":"63","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Testing"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"476","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Beck depression inventory-II among depression patients","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"4","article-title":"A study of psychometric properties, normative scores, and factor structure of the Beck anxiety inventory--the Chinese version. Chinese","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13031","article-title":"Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide","volume":"72","author":"Kallio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"A guide to NumPy","author":"Travis","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2","article-title":"SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python","volume":"17","author":"Virtanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ref49","volume-title":"Natural language processing with Python: Analyzing text with the natural language toolkit","author":"Bird","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2022.1271","article-title":"NVivo","volume":"110","author":"Dhakal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"292","article-title":"Contributions to probability and statistics","volume-title":"Essays in Honor of Harold Hotelling","author":"Levene","year":"1960"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20673","article-title":"The efficacy of app-supported smartphone interventions for mental health problems: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Linardon","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1203194\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T06:51:31Z","timestamp":1697698291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1203194\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1203194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1203194","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"article-number":"1203194"}}