{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:26:42Z","timestamp":1791264402805,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the potential of ChatGPT, a large language model, to generate mentalizing-like abilities that are tailored to a specific personality structure and\/or psychopathology. Mentalization is the ability to understand and interpret one\u2019s own and others\u2019 mental states, including thoughts, feelings, and intentions. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD) are characterized by distinct patterns of emotional regulation. Individuals with BPD tend to experience intense and unstable emotions, while individuals with SPD tend to experience flattened or detached emotions. We used ChatGPT\u2019s free version 23.3 and assessed the extent to which its responses akin to emotional awareness (EA) were customized to the distinctive personality structure-character characterized by Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD), employing the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS). ChatGPT was able to accurately describe the emotional reactions of individuals with BPD as more intense, complex, and rich than those with SPD. This finding suggests that ChatGPT can generate mentalizing-like responses consistent with a range of psychopathologies in line with clinical and theoretical knowledge. However, the study also raises concerns regarding the potential for stigmas or biases related to mental diagnoses to impact the validity and usefulness of chatbot-based clinical interventions. We emphasize the need for the responsible development and deployment of chatbot-based interventions in mental health, which considers diverse theoretical frameworks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1234397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T07:38:55Z","timestamp":1693553935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["The plasticity of ChatGPT\u2019s mentalizing abilities: personalization for personality structures"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dorit","family":"Hadar-Shoval","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohar","family":"Elyoseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Lvovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2021.02.001","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for mental health care: clinical applications, barriers, facilitators, and artificial wisdom","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.37074\/jalt.2023.6.1.9","article-title":"ChatGPT: bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education?","volume":"6","author":"Rudolph","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Appl Learn Teach"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2017.11.007","article-title":"Review machine learning for precision psychiatry: opportunities and challenges","volume":"3","author":"Bzdok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Deep medicine: how artificial intelligence can make healthcare human again","author":"Topol","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-022-09973-8","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and chatbots in psychiatry","volume":"93","author":"Pham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Q"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199058","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1199058","article-title":"ChatGPT outperforms humans in emotional awareness evaluations","volume":"14","author":"Elyoseph","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/bjp.12220","article-title":"What is mentalizing? 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