{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:26:52Z","timestamp":1753892812368,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010890","name":"Chinese Government Scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202208520014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202208520014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several existing studies have shown a correlation between schizophrenia and lichen planus (LP). However, the causality of this relationship remains uncertain. Thus, this study aimed to examine the causal association between schizophrenia and LP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out to investigate whether schizophrenia is causally related to LP and vice versa, and genetic variants in this study were taken from previous genome-wide association studies. We used the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the main analysis. Furthermore, several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that schizophrenia has a protective effect on LP (OR\u2009=\u20090.881, 95%CI\u2009=\u20090.795\u20130.975, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015). Conversely, we observed no significant relationship between LP and schizophrenia in reverse MR analysis (OR\u2009=\u20090.934, 95%CI\u2009=\u20090.851\u20131.026, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.156).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our two-sample Mendelian randomization study supports a significant causal relationship between LP and schizophrenia and finds that schizophrenia can reduce the incidence of LP. This is in contrast to previous findings and provides new insights into the relationship between LP and schizophrenia, but the exact mechanism needs further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1243044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T13:55:19Z","timestamp":1694613319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Correlations between schizophrenia and lichen planus: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Guan-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling-ling","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Chao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.1947","article-title":"Heritability of psychotic experiences in adolescents and interaction with environmental risk","volume":"79","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3039","article-title":"Effect of damaging rare mutations in synapse-related gene sets on response to short-term antipsychotic medication in Chinese patients with schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.03.008","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications in schizophrenia and related disorders: molecular scars of environmental exposures and source of phenotypic variability","volume":"89","author":"Richetto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3360","article-title":"Schizophrenia-an overview","volume":"77","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"adv00619","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v101.442","article-title":"Quality of life and psychopathology in lichen planus: a neglected disease burden","volume":"101","author":"Fiocco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02005-w","article-title":"Prenatal hypoxia alters the early ontogeny of dopamine neurons","volume":"12","author":"Brandon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2250-20.2021","article-title":"Network asynchrony underlying increased broadband gamma power","volume":"41","author":"Guyon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0252831","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252831","article-title":"Main characteristics of dermatoglypics associated with schizophrenia and its clinical subtypes","volume":"16","author":"Norovsambuu","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482x.2018.1461832","article-title":"Psychiatric admission during pregnancy in women with schizophrenia who attended a specialist antenatal clinic","volume":"40","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.07.037","article-title":"Association of autoimmune comorbidities with lichen planus: a United States-based case-control study in the all of us research program","volume":"87","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1103641","article-title":"Clinical practice. 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