{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:07:34Z","timestamp":1790143654041,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["411232260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["411232260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Models explaining addictive behaviors such as the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model emphasize the importance of reinforcement mechanisms for developing and maintaining these behaviors, including compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) as well as personal characteristics as vulnerability factors. This study aimed to determine whether there are CSBD subtypes distinguished by reinforcement sensitivity. We hypothesize that one subtype is sensitive to positive reinforcement (C<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>subtype) and one is sensitive to negative reinforcement (\u023b<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>subtype). We calculated a cluster analysis with data from 62 patients with CSBD and tested differences between the identified clusters by <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test. The sample consisted only of men. Cluster variables were: the sensitivity to the <jats:italic>Behavioral Inhibition<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Approach System<\/jats:italic> (BIS\/BAS), the severity of depressive symptoms (BDI-II), the severity of <jats:italic>Trait Anxiety<\/jats:italic> (STAI-T), <jats:italic>Sexual Sensation Seeking<\/jats:italic> (SSSS), <jats:italic>Thrill- and Adventure-Seeking<\/jats:italic> (SSS-V subscale), <jats:italic>Disinhibition<\/jats:italic> (SSS-V subscale), <jats:italic>Experience Seeking<\/jats:italic> (SSS-V subscale), and <jats:italic>Boredom Susceptibility<\/jats:italic> (SSS-V subscale). Between-cluster differences were analyzed for <jats:italic>Trait Sexual Motivation<\/jats:italic> (TSMQ) and <jats:italic>Sexual Compulsivity<\/jats:italic> (SCS). The results showed a two-cluster solution with cluster 1 representing patients sensitive to negative reinforcement (\u023b<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>subtype) and cluster 2 representing patients sensitive to positive reinforcement (C<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>subtype). No significant difference in symptom severity of <jats:italic>Sexual Compulsivity<\/jats:italic> between clusters was found. Cluster 2 showed higher <jats:italic>Importance of Sex<\/jats:italic> and a higher motivation to seek sexual encounters than cluster 2. We found a two-cluster solution regarding reinforcement sensitivity in patients with CSBD. This may have clinical implications regarding individual therapy by focusing on the underlying maintenance mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1248900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T04:35:33Z","timestamp":1699850133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Two subtypes of compulsive sexual behavior disorder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Golder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Markert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhea","family":"Psarros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian Peter","family":"Discher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertram","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00061","article-title":"Treatments and interventions for compulsive sexual behavior disorder with a focus on problematic pornography use: a preregistered systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Antons","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00090","article-title":"What should be included in the criteria for compulsive sexual behavior disorder?","volume":"11","author":"Gola","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.022","article-title":"Examining correlates of problematic internet pornography use among university students","volume":"5","author":"Harper","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S221540","article-title":"Spotlight on compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a systematic review of research on women","volume":"16","author":"Kowalewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13297","article-title":"Should compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction?","volume":"111","author":"Kraus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00032","article-title":"Mental and sexual health perspectives of the international classification of diseases (ICD-11) compulsive sexual behavior disorder","volume":"11","author":"Lew-Starowicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00055","article-title":"Should compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) be considered as a behavioral addiction? 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