{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:52:31Z","timestamp":1784649151334,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior studies have suggested that adults with intellectual disabilities who are in employment in general report a high level of well-being and life satisfaction. Less is known about which experiences and outcomes that are most important for the experiences of those who are employed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We interviewed six persons with intellectual disabilities that worked as lecturers at a health and social education programme at a university about which experiences and outcomes that they believed were of importance to their work experiences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The participants spontaneously focused on three main themes that described their experiences with work: the high degree of autonomy at work, their involvement in positive new relationships, and their experiences of accomplishment and coping on new social arenas. Although there were challenges, these were often overcome by working closely with another teacher.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The three main themes by which the participants described their work experiences and outcomes can be related to the concepts of autonomy, relatedness, and competence. The experiences described by the participants are valuable for the future facilitation of work assignments for people with intellectual disability in ordinary working life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1258337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T15:04:58Z","timestamp":1700751898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Experiences of individuals with intellectual disability who lecture in higher education"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Silje","family":"Mevold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif Inge","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Wynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gro H.","family":"Ramsdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-015-9586-1","article-title":"Work environment-related factors in obtaining and maintaining work in a competitive employment setting for employees with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Ellenkamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12182","article-title":"Employment in adults with Down syndrome in the United States: results from a national survey","volume":"29","author":"Kumin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intel Disabil"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1352\/1934-9556-51.4.215","article-title":"The role of community rehabilitation providers in employment for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities: results of the 2010\u20132011 national survey","volume":"51","author":"Domin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intellect Developm Disabil"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"17","article-title":"Behov for \u00e5 tenke nytt om arbeidsinkludering","volume-title":"Arbeidsinkludering for personer med utviklingshemming","author":"Gjertsen","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-017-1697-y","article-title":"The effects of unemployment and insecure jobs on well-being and health: the moderating role of labor market policies","volume":"138","author":"Vo\u00dfemer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2011.644023","article-title":"Inclusion as a focus of employment-related research in intellectual disability from 2000 to 2010: a scoping review","volume":"34","author":"Lysaght","year":"2012","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7189(99)00041-5","article-title":"Consumer based quality of life assessment: a path model of perceived satisfaction","volume":"23","author":"Schalock","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eval Progr Plan"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2005.00746.x","article-title":"The effect of different types of employment on quality of life","volume":"49","author":"Kober","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Intel Disabil Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2007.00365.x","article-title":"Feelings about work: a review of the socio-emotional impact of supported employment on people with intellectual disabilities","volume":"21","author":"Jahoda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intel Disabil"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18042072","article-title":"Assessment of occupational health and job satisfaction in workers with intellectual disability: a job demands-resources perspective","volume":"18","author":"Flores","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/JVR-180950","article-title":"How does employment influence health outcomes? A systematic review of the intellectual disability literature","volume":"49","author":"Dean","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vocation Rehabil"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1294205","article-title":"Job satisfaction of people with intellectual disabilities: the role of basic psychological need fulfillment and workplace participation","volume":"40","author":"Akkerman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2021.1874301","article-title":"Journeys from discomfort to comfort: how do university students experience being taught and assessed by adults with intellectual disabilities?","volume":"37","author":"Feely","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil Soc"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2006.05.013","article-title":"User and carer involvement in the training and education of health professionals: a review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Repper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"General ethical research guidelines","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2017.1413802","article-title":"Facilitating qualitative research interviews for respondents with intellectual disability","volume":"33","author":"Sigstad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Special Needs Educ"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Optional Protocol","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.09.001","article-title":"People with intellectual disability and human science research: a systematic review of phenomenological studies using interviews for data collection","volume":"47","author":"Corby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res Developm Disabil"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2011.01478.x","article-title":"How staff pursue questions to adults with intellectual disabilities","volume":"56","author":"Finlay","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches","author":"Creswell","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitat Res Psychol"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Kvalitative metoder i medisinsk forskning: en innf\u00f8ring","author":"Malterud","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e019386","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019386","article-title":"Therapists' experiences with a new treatment combining physical exercise and dietary therapy (the PED-t) for eating disorders: an interview study in a randomised controlled trial at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences","volume":"8","author":"Bakland","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2018.1560847","article-title":"Patients' views on a new treatment for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder combining physical exercise and dietary therapy (the PED-t). A qualitative study","volume":"27","author":"Bakland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781849208574","volume-title":"Analyzing qualitative data","author":"Gibbs","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01","article-title":"The \u201cwhat\u201d and \u201cwhy\u201d of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior","volume":"11","author":"Deci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol Inq"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2271-7","volume-title":"Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour","author":"Deci","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/jppi.12168","article-title":"Job satisfaction of people with intellectual disabilities in integrated and sheltered employment: an exploration of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Akkerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Policy Pract Intel Disabil"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2004.11.004","article-title":"Tenure, satisfaction, and work environment flexibility of people with mental retardation","volume":"68","author":"Chiocchio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vocational Behav"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"95","article-title":"The impact of employment on the quality of life of people with an intellectual disability","volume":"13","author":"Eggleton","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vocation Rehab"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-9434.2007.00010.x","article-title":"Employee engagement from a self-determination theory perspective","volume":"1","author":"Meyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Industrial Org Psychol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1521\/978.14625\/28806","volume-title":"Self-determination theory: basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness","author":"Ryan","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3938","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073938","article-title":"Attachment and school completion: understanding young people who have dropped out of high school and important factors in their re-enrollment","volume":"19","author":"Ramsdal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780195399820.013.0006","article-title":"Motivation, personality, and development within embedded social contexts: an overview of self-determination theory","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of human motivation","author":"Deci","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1352\/1934-9556-49.5.327","article-title":"\u2018I'm supposed to be in charge\u2019: self-advocates' perspectives on their self-determination support needs","volume":"49","author":"Nonnemacher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intel Developm Disabil"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Styrka tilgang og tilknytning til sosialt fellesskap - ein veg til trivsel og helse","volume-title":"Utviklingshemming og psykisk helse","author":"Drabl\u00f8s","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref37","year":""},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2013.03.017","article-title":"Taking turns: reciprocal self-disclosure promotes liking in initial interactions","volume":"49","author":"Sprecher","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exper Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"409","article-title":"Self-disclosure in personal relationships","volume-title":"The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships","author":"Greene","year":""},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1080\/03637758409390200","article-title":"Prerequisite conditions for self-disclosing: a gender issue","volume":"51","author":"Petronio","year":"1984","journal-title":"Commun Monogr"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"182","article-title":"Helping students with self-disclosure","volume":"34","author":"Broder","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sch Couns"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1891\/JARC-D-19-00026","article-title":"Improving self-advocacy skills for students with disabilities in postsecondary educational settings","volume":"51","author":"Kartovicky","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Rehabil Counsel"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"The progress principle: using small wins to ignite joy, engagement, and creativity at work","author":"Amabile","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"Flow: the psychology of happiness: the classic work on how to achieve happiness","author":"Csikszentmihalyi","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref45","volume-title":"Selvbestemmelsesteorien","author":"Ravn","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"Job autonomy and job satisfaction: new evidence","author":"Nguyen","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-020-00059-z","article-title":"How to use and assess qualitative research methods","volume":"2","author":"Busetto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neur Res Pract"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2021.1900351","article-title":"Self-determination theory goes public: experimental evidence on the causal relationship between psychological needs and job satisfaction","volume":"24","author":"Battaglio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Publ Managm Rev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1258337\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T15:05:08Z","timestamp":1700751908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1258337\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1258337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1258337","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"article-number":"1258337"}}