{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:28:14Z","timestamp":1787027294022,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood emotional abuse (CEA) is a recognized risk factor for adolescent mentalizing challenges. However, there's limited understanding about how CEA might influence personality development and elevate the risk of adolescent personality pathology. A deeper grasp of these pathways is crucial, given that adolescence is a pivotal developmental phase for identity integration, personality consolidation, and the emergence of personality disorders. As the emphasis shifts to dimensional perspectives on adolescent personality pathology, the spotlight is increasingly on adolescents' evolving personality organization (PO). Within this framework, personality disorder manifestations stem from inherent vulnerabilities in PO. A comprehensive understanding of how CEA leads to these inherent vulnerabilities in PO can inform enhanced interventions for at-risk adolescents. Nonetheless, our comprehension lacks insight into potential pathways to PO, especially those involving external factors like maltreatment and individual traits like mentalizing. This study sought to bridge these gaps by employing latent factor analysis and structural equation modeling to explore connections between emotional maltreatment, adolescent mentalizing, and PO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A community-based cohort of 193 adolescents (aged 12\u201317) took part in self-report assessments: the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth (RFQ-Y), and the Inventory for Personality Organization for Adolescents (IPO-A).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The structural equation model revealed a significant direct influence of CEA on both RFQ-Confusion and PO, and a noteworthy direct effect of RFQ-Confusion on PO. Remarkably, the model accounted for 76.9% of the PO variance. CEA exhibited a significant indirect impact on PO through RFQ-Confusion, which was accountable for 52.3% of the CEA effect on PO, signifying a partial mediation by mentalizing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These insights carry substantial clinical implications, especially for devising integrated, trauma-informed strategies for adolescents with personality pathologies. This is particularly relevant for enhancing mentalizing and bolstering personality consolidation among adolescent CEA survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1302137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T23:20:33Z","timestamp":1704842433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Dimensional model of adolescent personality pathology, reflective functioning, and emotional maltreatment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Ensink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lissa","family":"Desch\u00eanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u00ebl","family":"B\u00e9gin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Cimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gosselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Wais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Normandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Fonagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.04.004","article-title":"Empirical typology of adolescent personality organization","volume":"66","author":"Biberdzic","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Adolesc."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1521\/pdps.2021.49.2.215","article-title":"Transference-focused psychotherapy for adolescents with personality disorders","volume":"49","author":"Normandin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychodyn Psychiatry."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.11.010","article-title":"Personality pathology grows up: adolescence as a sensitive period","volume":"21","author":"Sharp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol."},{"key":"B4","author":"American","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2005.19.5.466","article-title":"The children in the community study of developmental course of personality disorder","volume":"19","author":"Cohen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pers Disord."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08121825","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder: ontogeny of a diagnosis","volume":"166","author":"Gunderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20233","article-title":"The psychodynamic diagnostic manual - 2nd edition (PDM-2)","volume":"14","author":"Lingiardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Psychiatry."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1159\/000507588","article-title":"Adolescent personality pathology and the alternative model for personality disorders: self-development as nexus","volume":"53","author":"Sharp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopathology."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-022-00527-1","article-title":"Personality functioning and the pathogenic effect of childhood maltreatment in a high-risk sample","volume":"16","author":"d'Huart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21499","article-title":"Intergenerational transmission of attachment in abused and neglected mothers: the role of trauma-specific reflective functioning: attachment, reflective function, and trauma","volume":"36","author":"Berthelot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infant Ment Health J."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21107","article-title":"Dismissing child attachment and discordance for subjective and neuroendocrine responses to vulnerability: dismissing attachment and neuroendocrine response","volume":"56","author":"Borelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01471","article-title":"Another step closer to measuring the ghosts in the nursery: preliminary validation of the trauma reflective functioning scale","volume":"5","author":"Ensink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30611","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v7.30611","article-title":"Maternal and child reflective functioning in the context of child sexual abuse: pathways to depression and externalising difficulties","volume":"7","author":"Ensink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919736","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.919736","article-title":"Post-traumatic-stress in the context of childhood maltreatment: pathways from attachment through mentalizing during the transition to parenthood","volume":"14","author":"Ensink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730701349721","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment, complex trauma symptoms, and unresolved attachment in an at-risk sample of adolescent mothers","volume":"9","author":"Bailey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Attach Hum Dev."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579414000406","article-title":"Borderline personality features in childhood: the role of subtype, developmental timing, and chronicity of child maltreatment","volume":"26","author":"Hecht","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0158678","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158678","article-title":"Development and validation of a self-report measure of mentalizing: the reflective functioning questionnaire","volume":"11","author":"Fonagy","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2019.08.002","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and identity diffusion among inpatient adolescents: the role of reflective function","volume":"76","author":"Penner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Adolesc."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.02.004","article-title":"The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: a review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Holt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2452","article-title":"Child maltreatment in the United States: prevalence, risk factors, and adolescent health consequences","volume":"118","author":"Hussey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08720-7_12","article-title":"12 early abuse and neglect as risk factors for the development of criminal and antisocial behavior","volume-title":"The Development of Criminal and Antisocial Behavior.","author":"Kerig","year":"2015"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838007311105","article-title":"Review of research on child maltreatment and violence in youth","volume":"9","author":"Maas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.09.015","article-title":"Child maltreatment types and risk behaviors: associations with attachment style and emotion regulation dimensions","volume":"73","author":"Oshri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.005","article-title":"Neighborhood disorder, peer network health, and substance use among young urban adolescents","volume":"178","author":"Mason","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.005","article-title":"Exposure to childhood neglect and physical abuse and developmental trajectories of heavy episodic drinking from early adolescence into young adulthood","volume":"127","author":"Shin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838014537908","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and educational outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Romano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7","article-title":"Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries","volume":"373","author":"Gilbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001349","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349","article-title":"The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Norman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1295","article-title":"Childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality features: the role of anxiety sensitivity among adolescents: emotional abuse, anxiety sensitivity, and borderline personality features","volume":"9","author":"Bounoua","year":"2015","journal-title":"Personal Ment Health."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.2174\/2210676608666180829095455","article-title":"Mentalizing mediates the association between childhood maltreatment and adolescent borderline and narcissistic personality traits","volume":"8","author":"Duval","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adolesc Psychiatry."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2010.11.003","article-title":"Exploring the association between emotional abuse and childhood borderline personality features: the moderating role of personality traits","volume":"42","author":"Gratz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Ther."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.08.008","article-title":"Reflective function mediates the relationship between emotional maltreatment and borderline pathology in adolescents: a preliminary investigation","volume":"72","author":"Quek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.08.008","article-title":"An examination of the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality disorder features: the role of difficulties with emotion regulation","volume":"39","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000294","article-title":"The role of emotion regulation difficulties in the connection between childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality features","volume":"9","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Personal Disord."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2000.14.4.291","article-title":"The collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study: reliability of axis I and II diagnoses","volume":"14","author":"Zanarini","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pers Disord."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1754-3","article-title":"The impact of child maltreatment on non-suicidal self-injury: data from a representative sample of the general population","volume":"18","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0445-3","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and impulsivity: a meta-analysis and recommendations for future study","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.13.4.577","article-title":"The inventory of personality organization: psychometric properties, factorial composition, and criterion relations with affect, aggressive dyscontrol, psychosis proneness, and self-domains in a nonclinical sample","volume":"13","author":"Lenzenweger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"key":"B39","unstructured":"Who2021"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2011.583808","article-title":"Toward a model for assessing level of personality functioning in DSM\u22125, part I: a review of theory and methods","volume":"93","author":"Bender","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153274","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1153274","article-title":"Operationalizing intimacy and identity aspects of personality functioning in relation to personality disorder in adolescents","volume":"14","author":"Cervantes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2005.19.5.524","article-title":"Stability and change in personality pathology: revelations of three longitudinal studies","volume":"19","author":"Clark","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pers Disord."},{"key":"B43","volume-title":"Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism.","author":"Kernberg","year":"1975"},{"key":"B44","first-page":"114","article-title":"A psychoanalytic theory of personality disorders","author":"Kernberg","year":"2005"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245626","article-title":"Psychotherapie der Borderline-Pers\u00f6nlichkeitsst\u00f6rung: Gemeinsamkeiten und Differenzen evidenzbasierter st\u00f6rungsspezifischer Behandlungen","volume":"78","author":"Sollberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2174\/2210676607666170607141146","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the inventory of personality organization for adolescents","volume":"7","author":"Biberdzic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"B47","volume-title":"Affect Regulation, Mentalization and the Development of the Self.","author":"Fonagy","year":"2002"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/07351690903206504","article-title":"The development of mentalisation in children from a theory of mind perspective","volume":"30","author":"Ensink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychoanal Inq."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104065","article-title":"The protective role of mentalizing: reflective functioning as a mediator between child maltreatment, psychopathology and parental attitude in expecting parents","volume":"95","author":"Berthelot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B50","first-page":"79","article-title":"Mentalizing and trauma","volume-title":"Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice.","author":"Luyten","year":"2019"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2017_31_283","article-title":"Attachment and reflective functioning in women with borderline personality disorder","volume":"32","author":"Badoud","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pers Disord."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001440","article-title":"Are affective temperaments, emotional abuse, and neglect involved in mentalization abilities in patients with psychiatric disorders?","volume":"210","author":"Berardelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237735","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1237735","article-title":"Adolescent mentalizing and childhood emotional abuse: implications for depression, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder features","volume":"14","author":"Martin-Gagnon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780199680375.001.0001","volume-title":"Mentalization Based Treatment for Personality Disorders: A Practical Guide.","author":"Bateman","year":"2016"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21643","article-title":"Reflective functioning and personality organization: associations with negative maternal behaviors: maternal behavior, mentalization and personality","volume":"38","author":"Ensink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infant Ment Health J."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X35344","article-title":"The childhood experience of care and abuse questionnaire (CECA. Q): validation in a community series","volume":"44","author":"Bifulco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-002-0589-9","article-title":"Childhood experience of care and abuse questionnaire (CECA. Q)","volume":"37","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1521\/bumc.2009.73.4.311","article-title":"The development of a mentalization-based outcomes and research protocol for an adolescent inpatient unit","volume":"73","author":"Sharp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull Menninger Clin."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2174\/2210676608666180208161619","article-title":"Measuring reflective functioning in adolescents: relations to personality disorders and psychological difficulties","volume":"8","author":"Duval","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adolesc Psychiatry."},{"key":"B60","unstructured":"The structural equation modeling approach: Basic concepts and fundamental issues115\n            HoyleRH\n            editor\n          Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications1995"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124192021002005","article-title":"Alternative ways of assessing model fit","volume":"21","author":"Browne","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sociol Methods Res."},{"key":"B62","first-page":"431","article-title":"Structural equation modeling","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics 4th edn.","author":"Ullman","year":"2001"},{"key":"B63","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"B64","author":"Soper","year":"2023","journal-title":"A-Priori Sample Size Calculator for Structural Equation Models [Software]"},{"key":"B65","first-page":"241","article-title":"Personal narratives and the life story","volume-title":"Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research","author":"Mcadams","year":"2008"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3506.2004.00279.x","article-title":"Traits and stories: links between dispositional and narrative features of personality","volume":"72","author":"McAdams","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pers."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868315585068","article-title":"The incremental validity of narrative identity in predicting well-being: a review of the field and recommendations for the future","volume":"20","author":"Adler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804674-6.00020-X","article-title":"And the story evolves","volume-title":"Personality Development Across the Lifespan.","author":"McLean","year":"2017"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/11059-000","volume-title":"The Principles of Psychology.","author":"James","year":"1913"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730415","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.730415","article-title":"An evaluation of age-group latent mean differences in maladaptive identity in adolescence","volume":"12","author":"Sharp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2019.1574805","article-title":"Narrative coherence in adolescence: relations with attachment, mentalization, and psychopathology","volume":"102","author":"Lind","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000338","article-title":"Inpatient adolescents with borderline personality disorder features: identity diffusion and narrative incoherence","volume":"10","author":"Lind","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personal Disord."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114558","article-title":"Associations between symptoms of borderline personality disorder and suicidality in inpatient adolescents: the significance of identity disturbance","volume":"312","author":"Sekowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31028","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v7.31028","article-title":"Moral reasoning in women with posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse","volume":"7","author":"Nazarov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105827","article-title":"The development of empathy in child maltreatment contexts","volume":"133","author":"Berzenski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2006.221","article-title":"Human empathy through the lens of social neuroscience","volume":"6","author":"Decety","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci World J."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082516","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1082516","article-title":"Childhood psychological abuse and relational aggression among adolescents: a moderated chain mediation model","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.02.001","article-title":"Does childhood neglect contribute to violent behavior in adulthood? a review of possible links","volume":"60","author":"Bland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199508000-00015","article-title":"Beyond posttraumatic stress disorder: object relations and reality testing disturbances in physically and sexually abused adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Haviland","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3705","DOI":"10.1016\/S1573-4412(01)05012-7","article-title":"Measurement error in survey data","volume-title":"Handbook of Econometrics","author":"Bound","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1302137\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T23:20:43Z","timestamp":1704842443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1302137\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1302137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1302137","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"article-number":"1302137"}}