{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:27:31Z","timestamp":1753892851776,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder, with an estimated incidence of 1%. Since they are sensitive to sensory changes, orthodontic treatment to move teeth should be avoided as aggressively as possible in these patients because of strong concerns about the possibility of causing adverse psychological effects, thus there are few reports on orthodontic treatment for schizophrenia patients. We report a case of severe open bite caused by medication after the onset of schizophrenia, even though the patient\u2019s occlusion had been stable for a long time after surgical orthodontic treatment. Medication control and the use of a minimally invasive orthodontic appliance improved the occlusion without adversely affecting the patient\u2019s mental health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 22-year-old woman presented to the clinic with a chief complaint of an anterior open bite. Intraoral findings showed an overbite (vertical overlap of the incisor <jats:italic>teeth<\/jats:italic>) of \u22123.0\u2009mm and an overjet (horizontal overlap of the incisor teeth) of \u22120.5\u2009mm. The preoperative orthodontic treatment included bilateral extraction of the maxillary first premolars. Subsequently, orthognathic surgery was performed to achieve a harmonized skeletal relationship and occlusion. Occlusion was stable for 3\u2009years after surgery. However, 10\u2009years after surgery, the patient returned to the clinic complaining of an anterior open bite (overbite\u2009=\u2009\u22124.0\u2009mm). Six years prior to the return, the patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia. We thought that ignoring the patient\u2019s strong desire to treat her open bite might also cause psychological problems; therefore, in addition to medication control, we treated her using a minimally invasive removable orthodontic appliance (retainer with tongue crib). Her anterior open bite improved (overbite, +1.0\u2009mm) to within the normal range.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this case, medication control was thought to be essential to improve her drug-induced open bite. However, minimally invasive orthodontic treatment, such as the use of a removable appliance, might be helpful in promoting her mental stability as well as for improving occlusion. Careful support is required to obtain information about the patient\u2019s mental state and medications through close cooperation with psychiatrists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1304215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T11:07:30Z","timestamp":1702984050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case report: Long-term management of occlusion after surgical-orthodontic treatment for a patient with drug-induced open bite developed after the onset of schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jun-Ichi","family":"Takada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norihisa","family":"Higashihori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiho","family":"Kadota-Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Kawamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Toyofuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Moriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00035","article-title":"Executive functioning in schizophrenia","volume":"4","author":"Orellana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01556-4","article-title":"Antipsychotic polypharmacy for the management of Schizophrenia: evidence and recommendations","volume":"81","author":"L\u00e4hteenvuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.11.009","article-title":"Psychiatry in orthodontics. Part 1: typical adolescent psychiatric disorders and their relevance to orthodontic practice","volume":"129","author":"Neeley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.11255\/jjmcp1992.16.149","article-title":"A case of the drug induced open bite in a patient with schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Nakamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Jpn Soc Dentist Med Compromised Patient"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976387","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.976387","article-title":"Case report: open bite as an extrapyramidal side effect with aripiprazole, a dopamine partial agonist","volume":"13","author":"Sumi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.12.025","article-title":"Impact of malocclusion and common oral diseases on oral health\u2013related quality of life in young adults","volume":"147","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjp065","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with severe malocclusion before treatment","volume":"32","author":"Rusanen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-021-00992-6","article-title":"Impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life in patients with different dentofacial deformities: longitudinal study of the Oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) with at least 1 year of follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Jacco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"volume-title":"Contemporary orthodontics","year":"2013","author":"Proffit","key":"ref9"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.031","article-title":"Poor oral health in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"201","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12388","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12388","article-title":"Influence of psychological stress exposure on orthodontic therapy: a comprehensive review","volume":"10","author":"Al-Shammery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig Clin Dent"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701232","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.701232","article-title":"Case report: iatrogenic dental Progress of phantom bite syndrome: rare cases with the comorbidity of psychosis","volume":"12","author":"Watanabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.03.050","article-title":"Three-year follow-up of bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal class III malocclusion: stability and risk factors for relapse","volume":"139","author":"Jakobsone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137917","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1137917","article-title":"Case series of drug-induced open bite: extrapyramidal symptoms related to psychotropic medications","volume":"14","author":"Watanabe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psych"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1304215\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T11:07:34Z","timestamp":1702984054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1304215\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1304215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1304215","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-0640"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"article-number":"1304215"}}