{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:10:29Z","timestamp":1792393829700,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>During pregnancy and early motherhood, risks of relapse and worsening are high for women with a history of eating disorders (EDs), as are adverse sequelae for their babies. However, systematic descriptions of the processes that these women undergo through pregnancy, birth, and early motherhood are lacking, as are good descriptions of the various trajectories these women follow through pregnancy and early motherhood. This study addresses both these knowledge gaps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used a longitudinal research interview design, recruiting a non-clinical sample of 24 women with a history of severe EDs from routine pregnancy controls in five public, local, family health care centers in Norway. The participants were interviewed twice, first during pregnancy and then 4\u20136 months after delivery. Data were analyzed according to grounded theory. The focus was on modeling the trajectories of EDs through pregnancy, birth, and early motherhood. All the participants were diagnosed (DSM-5) using the Eating Disorder Examination and then completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five perceived trajectories through pregnancy and early motherhood were identified: \u201cThe mastering mother,\u201d in which an ED pathology seems to be absent through pregnancy and early motherhood; \u201cThe inadequate mother,\u201d in which the ED pathology worsens before pregnancy, through pregnancy, and early motherhood; \u201cThe overwhelmed mother,\u201d in which the ED worsens during pregnancy and early motherhood; \u201cThe depressed mother,\u201d in which the ED is put on hold during pregnancy, but worsens in early motherhood; and \u201cThe succeeding mother,\u201d in which the ED worsens during pregnancy, but reduces in early motherhood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ED trajectories through pregnancy and early motherhood vary greatly among women with a history of EDs. This may indicate different psychological dynamics through these phases. A model with five trajectories captures a large degree of the variation. The model may help clinicians\u2019 preparedness when dealing with these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1323779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T05:52:08Z","timestamp":1704433928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Trajectories of severe eating disorders through pregnancy and early motherhood"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bente","family":"Sommerfeldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finn","family":"Sk\u00e5rderud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingela Lundin","family":"Kvalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjersti","family":"Gulliksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Holte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2010.11.007","article-title":"Treading the tight-rope between motherhood and an eating disorder: a qualitative study","volume":"48","author":"Tierney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-97416-9","volume-title":"Eating disorders: an international comprehensive view","author":"Robinson","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-2105-6","article-title":"Waking up every day in a body that is not yours: a qualitative research inquiry into the intersection between eating disorders and pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Claydon","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1762-9","article-title":"The experience of women with an eating disorder in the perinatal period: a meta-ethnographic study","volume":"18","author":"Fogarty","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-97416-9_109-1","article-title":"Postnatal and early motherhood in women with eating disorders","volume-title":"Eating Disorders","author":"Martini","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23620","article-title":"The first 20 weeks of pregnancy is a high-risk period for eating disorder relapse","volume":"54","author":"Sollid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986217","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.986217","article-title":"Bodies out of control: relapse and worsening of eating disorders in pregnancy","volume":"13","author":"Sommerfeldt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2229","article-title":"Recognising the symptoms: how common are eating disorders in pregnancy?","volume":"21","author":"Easter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-016-0619-3","article-title":"Eating disorder symptoms pre- and postpartum","volume":"19","author":"Pettersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.03.014","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of DSM-5\u2013defined eating disorders in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults","volume":"84","author":"Udo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/S0038038599000206","article-title":"Refracted selves? 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