{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:45:08Z","timestamp":1780339508130,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies have reported an association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and somatic diseases; however, the correlation of mental disorders with the association between ADHD and somatic diseases remains uninvestigated. This study investigated and compared the prevalence of somatic diseases among adults with\/without ADHD, stratified by the presence or absence of mental disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study (October 2020\u2013September 2021), using data (June 2013\u2013September 2021) from a Japanese health insurance claims database, included adult participants with a medical record of and receiving medication for ADHD (ADHD group); the control group (matched 1:5 by age\/sex) comprised participants without ADHD. The prevalence and odds ratio (OR; ADHD versus control) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetes complications, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), dyslipidemia, gout and hyperuricemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD\/NASH), and atopic dermatitis were investigated. Pooled ORs for stratified analysis were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the matched analysis sets, the ORs for all somatic diseases were significantly higher for the ADHD group (n=15,028) versus the control group (n=74,796). On stratified analysis, the Mantel-Haenszel ORs were significant for NAFLD\/NASH (1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34, 1.73), diabetes complications (1.39; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.77), and gout and hyperuricemia (1.34; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.51). Furthermore, the stratum-specific ORs for T2DM, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were &amp;gt;1 and &amp;lt;1 in the presence and absence of mental disorders, respectively. The prevalence of all somatic diseases except atopic dermatitis increased with age. For participants aged \u226540 years, the Mantel-Haenszel ORs were significant for all somatic diseases except CVD, COPD, and atopic dermatitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of several somatic diseases, including chronic disorders, was high among adults with ADHD, particularly in those aged \u226540\u00a0years and those with mental disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1197513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T04:25:00Z","timestamp":1707884700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of somatic diseases in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Japan is highest in people aged \u226540 years with mental disorders: a cross-sectional study of a Japanese health insurance claims 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