{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:24:07Z","timestamp":1793211847220,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 I01 RX001485-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 I01 RX001485-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High variability in response and retention rates for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment highlights the need to identify \"personalized\" or \"precision\" medicine factors that can inform optimal intervention selection before an individual commences treatment. In secondary analyses from a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial, behavioral and physiological emotion regulation were examined as non-specific predictors (that identify which individuals are more likely to respond to treatment, regardless of treatment type) and treatment moderators (that identify which treatment works best for whom) of PTSD outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 85 US Veterans with clinically significant PTSD symptoms randomized to 6 weeks of either cognitive processing therapy (CPT; n = 44) or a breathing-based yoga practice (Sudarshan kriya yoga; SKY; n = 41). Baseline self-reported emotion regulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed prior to treatment, and self-reported PTSD symptoms were assessed at baseline, end-of-treatment, 1-month follow-up, and 1-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Greater baseline deficit in self-reported emotional awareness (similar to alexithymia) predicted better overall PTSD improvement in both the short- and long-term, following either CPT or SKY. High self-reported levels of emotional response non-acceptance were associated with better PTSD treatment response with CPT than with SKY. However, all significant HRV indices were stronger moderators than all self-reported emotion regulation scales, both in the short- and long-term. Veterans with lower baseline HRV had better PTSD treatment response with SKY, whereas Veterans with higher or average-to-high baseline HRV had better PTSD treatment response with CPT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine both self-reported emotion regulation and HRV, within the same study, as both non-specific predictors and moderators of PTSD treatment outcome. Veterans with poorer autonomic regulation prior to treatment had better PTSD outcome with a yoga-based intervention, whereas those with better autonomic regulation did better with a trauma-focused psychological therapy. Findings show potential for the use of HRV in clinical practice to personalize PTSD treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02366403<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1331569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:12:49Z","timestamp":1707351169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Emotion regulation and heart rate variability may identify the optimal posttraumatic stress disorder treatment: analyses from a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Danielle C.","family":"Mathersul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie M.","family":"Zeitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Jay","family":"Schulz-Heik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Bayley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22511","article-title":"Psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Systemic review and meta-analyses to determine first-line treatments","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Depression Anxiety"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder: The management of PTSD in adults and children in primary and secondary care","year":"2005"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies","author":"Foa","year":"2008"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/foc.7.2.foc204","article-title":"Guideline watch (March 2009): Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"7","author":"Benedek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Focus"},{"key":"B6","volume-title":"Australian guidelines for the treatment of acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder","year":"2013"},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"Guidelines for the management of conditions specifically related to stress","year":"2013"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"VA\/DoD clinical practice guideline for the management of posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder","year":"2017"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12355","article-title":"Defining response and nonresponse to posttraumatic stress disorder treatments: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Varker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Psychol.: Sci Pract"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.8370","article-title":"Psychotherapy for military-related PTSD: A review of randomized clinical trials","volume":"314","author":"Steenkamp","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA - J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2008.71.2.134","article-title":"Nonresponse and dropout rates in outcome studies on PTSD: Review and methodological considerations","volume":"71","author":"Schottenbauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100093","article-title":"Dropout from guideline-recommended psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Varker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord Rep"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.10.877","article-title":"Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials","volume":"59","author":"Kraemer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.27.2(Suppl.).S101","article-title":"How & why criteria defining moderators & mediators differ between the Baron & Kenny & MacArthur approaches","volume":"27","author":"Kraemer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/b:joba.0000007455.08539.94","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the DERS","volume":"26","author":"Gratz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004","article-title":"Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review","volume":"30","author":"Aldao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B17","first-page":"3","article-title":"Emotion regulation: Conceptual and empirical foundations","volume-title":"Handbook of Emotion Regulation","author":"Gross","year":"2014"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.09.002","article-title":"Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic treatment construct across anxiety, MDD, substance, eating & BPD: A systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Sloan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12278","article-title":"What is an emotional disorder? A transdiagnostic mechanistic definition with implications for assessment, treatment, and prevention [Review]","volume":"26","author":"Bullis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Psychol.: Sci Pract"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03886-3","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation and heart rate variability improve in US veterans undergoing treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: Secondary exploratory analyses from a randomised controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Mathersul","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2018.1425933","article-title":"Do emotion regulation, attentional control, and attachment style predict response to cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders? An investigation in clinical settings","volume":"29","author":"Nielsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.01.007","article-title":"Emotion regulation as a moderator of outcomes of transdiagnostic group cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders [Article]","volume":"53","author":"Barrio-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2017.10.003","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation moderates the effect of cognitive behavior therapy with prolonged exposure for co-occurring PTSD and substance use disorders","volume":"52","author":"Hien","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S104807","article-title":"Information bias in health research: Definition, pitfalls, and adjustment methods [Review]","volume":"9","author":"Althubaiti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthcare"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.06.009","article-title":"Neuroimaging cognitive reappraisal in clinical populations to define neural targets for enhancing emotion regulation. A systematic review","volume":"151","author":"Zilverstand","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014868","article-title":"Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Task Force of The European Society of Cardiology and The North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology","volume":"17","author":"Malik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258","article-title":"An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms","volume":"5","author":"Shaffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2017.10.008","article-title":"Cardiac vagal control as a marker of emotion regulation in healthy adults: A review","volume":"130","author":"Balzarotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.12.032","article-title":"HRV indices as biomarkers of top-down self-regulatory mechanisms: A meta-analytic review","volume":"74","author":"Holzman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.08.004","article-title":"Heart rate variability as a transdiagnostic biomarker of psychopathology","volume":"98","author":"Beauchaine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2019.0112","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and alterations in resting heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Invest"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172000207X","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder indexed by heart rate variability: A meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Schneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"psychol Med"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","article-title":"A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: Implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health","volume":"36","author":"Thayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2013.06.018","article-title":"The relationship between mental and physical health: Insights from the study of heart rate variability","volume":"89","author":"Kemp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.002","article-title":"Physiological and behavioral indices of emotion dysregulation as predictors of outcome from cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment for anxiety","volume":"46","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13377","article-title":"Baseline HRV predicts PTSD treatment outcomes in adults with co-occurring SUD & PTS","volume":"56","author":"Soder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119604","article-title":"Heart rate and heart rate variability as outcomes and longitudinal moderators of treatment for pain across follow-up in Veterans with Gulf War Illness","volume":"277","author":"Mathersul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.10.004","article-title":"Meditation & yoga for PTSD: meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Gallegos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056609","article-title":"Randomised clinical non-inferiority trial of breathing-based meditation and cognitive processing therapy for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in military veterans","volume":"12","author":"Bayley","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B40","unstructured":"WeathersFW\n            LitzBT\n            KeaneTM\n            PalmieriPA\n            MarxBP\n            SchnurrPP\n          The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)2013"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027150","article-title":"Study protocol for a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial of SKY breathing meditation versus cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans","volume":"9","author":"Mathersul","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B42","volume-title":"The PTSD checklist-civilian version (PCL-C)","author":"Weathers","year":"1994"},{"key":"B43","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL)","volume":"34","author":"Blanchard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025714729117","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist - civilian version","volume":"16","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.02.002","article-title":"Psychometric properties of seven self-report measures of posttraumatic stress disorder in college students with mixed civilian trauma exposure","volume":"22","author":"Adkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.21845","article-title":"The PTSD checklist-civilian version: Reliability, validity, and factor structure in a nonclinical sample","volume":"68","author":"Conybeare","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.07.025","article-title":"Measuring emotion regulation ability across negative and positive emotions: The Perth Emotion Regulation Competency Inventory (PERCI) [Article]","volume":"135","author":"Preece","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.07.055","article-title":"Assessing emotion regulation ability for negative and positive emotions: psychometrics of the perth emotion regulation competency inventory in United States adults","volume":"294","author":"Preece","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.979357","article-title":"An advanced detrending method with application to HRV analysis","volume":"49","author":"Tarvainen","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2004.03.004","article-title":"Software for advanced HRV analysis","volume":"76","author":"Niskanen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comput Methods Prog. Biomed."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.07.024","article-title":"Kubios HRV - Heart rate variability analysis software","volume":"113","author":"Tarvainen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput Methods Prog. Biomed."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03091902.2019.1640306","article-title":"A robust algorithm for heart rate variability time series artefact correction using novel beat classification","volume":"43","author":"Lipponen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Eng Technol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679809062728","article-title":"The relationship between psychiatric illness and the circadian pattern of heart rate","volume":"32","author":"Stampfer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust New Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016036704524","article-title":"Reliability of circadian heart pattern analysis in psychiatry","volume":"73","author":"Iverson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041","article-title":"Blunted circadian variation in autonomic regulation of sinus node function in veterans with Gulf War syndrome","volume":"117","author":"Haley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.596","article-title":"Cholinergic autonomic dysfunction in veterans with gulf war illness: Confirmation in a population-based sample","volume":"70","author":"Haley","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.5.461","article-title":"Automatic sleep\/wake identification from wrist activity [Article]","volume":"15","author":"Cole","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2019.02.005","article-title":"Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis [Article]","volume":"144","author":"Campbell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16654","article-title":"Toward a taxonomy for analyzing the heart rate as a physiological indicator of posttraumatic stress disorder: Systematic review and development of a framework","volume":"7","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.09.543","article-title":"The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors","volume":"141","author":"Thayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2020.104092","article-title":"Best practice guidance for linear mixed-effects models in psychological science","volume":"112","author":"Meteyard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Memory Lang"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1308.5499","article-title":"Linear models and linear mixed effects models in R with linguistic applications","author":"Winter","year":"2013"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029418","article-title":"Moderators and non-specific predictors of treatment outcome for anxiety disorders: A comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy to acceptance and commitment therapy","volume":"80","author":"Wolitzky-Taylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Consult. Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.170","article-title":"Centring in regression analyses: A strategy to prevent errors in statistical inference","volume":"13","author":"Kraemer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5734","article-title":"Discovering, comparing, and combining moderators of treatment on outcome after randomized clinical trials: A parametric approach","volume":"32","author":"Kraemer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.110.2.268","article-title":"Modeling the days of our lives: Using survival analysis when designing and analyzing longitudinal studies of duration and the timing of events","volume":"110","author":"Singer","year":"1991","journal-title":"psychol Bull"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-013-9308-7","article-title":"Moderation in management research: What, why, when, and how","volume":"29","author":"Dawson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Business Psychol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ijdhd-2014-0303","article-title":"Application of SPSS linear mixed methods to adolescent development research: Basic concepts and steps","volume":"13","author":"Shek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Disabil. Hum Dev"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1973.10489051","article-title":"Premium and protection of several procedures for dealing with outliers when sample sizes are moderate to large [Article]","volume":"15","author":"Guttman","year":"1973","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20761","article-title":"The moderation of Mindfulness-based stress reduction effects by trait mindfulness: Results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"67","author":"Shapiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037463","article-title":"Reciprocal relations between perceived parental knowledge and adolescent substance use and delinquency: The moderating role of parent\u2013teen relationship quality","volume":"50","author":"Abar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-022-06861-6","article-title":"Sleep moderates the effects of Tibetan yoga for women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy","volume":"30","author":"Sinclair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.91.4.917","article-title":"Probing three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression: Development and application of a slope difference test [Article]","volume":"91","author":"Dawson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.11.024","article-title":"Yoga is effective in treating symptoms of Gulf War Illness","volume":"143","author":"Bayley","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.06.005","article-title":"Attentional bias and emotional reactivity as predictors and moderators of behavioral treatment for social phobia","volume":"51","author":"Niles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20320","article-title":"Meta-analysis of alexithymia in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"21","author":"Frewen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000539","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress and alexithymia: A meta-analysis of presentation and severity","volume":"14","author":"Edwards","year":"2019","journal-title":"psychol Trauma: Theory Res. Pract. Policy."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.76.2.243","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial to dismantle components of cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in female victims of interpersonal violence","volume":"76","author":"Resick","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Consult. Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B80","volume-title":"Cognitive processing therapy for PTSD: A comprehensive manual","author":"Resick","year":"2017"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2020.07.004","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation predicts dropout from prolonged exposure among women veterans with military sexual trauma-related PTSD [Article]","volume":"30","author":"Gilmore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Women's Health Issues"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691613504115","article-title":"636,120 ways to have posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"8","author":"Galatzer-Levy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perspect psychol Sci"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/str0000179","article-title":"Clusters of trauma types as measured by the life events checklist for DSM-5","volume":"27","author":"Contractor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Stress Manage."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.10.3.229","article-title":"Heart rate variability as an index of regulated emotional responding [Review]","volume":"10","author":"Appelhans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Gen Psychol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091432","article-title":"Mediators and mechanisms of change in psychotherapy research","volume":"3","author":"Kazdin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497932","article-title":"Reenvisioning clinical science: Unifying the discipline to improve the public health","volume":"2","author":"Onken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin psychol Sci"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.024","article-title":"Neural correlates of emotional reactivity predict response to cognitive-behavioral therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"308","author":"Paul","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721005444","article-title":"Neural predictors of cognitive-behavior therapy outcome in anxiety-related disorders: A meta-analysis of task-based fMRI studies","volume":"53","author":"Pic\u00f3-P\u00e9rez","year":"2022","journal-title":"psychol Med"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.03.038","article-title":"2017 ISHNE-HRS expert consensus statement on ambulatory ECG and external cardiac monitoring\/telemetry","volume":"14","author":"Steinberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2018.2883751","article-title":"Into the wild: the challenges of physiological stress detection in laboratory and ambulatory settings","volume":"23","author":"Smets","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inf"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.897284","article-title":"Heart rate variability in healthy subjects during monitored, short-term stress followed by 24-hour cardiac monitoring","volume":"13","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13685","article-title":"Rapid eye movement sleep parasympathetic activity predicts wake hyperarousal symptoms following a traumatic event","volume":"32","author":"Daffre","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7001667","article-title":"US Veterans show improvements in subjective but not objective sleep following treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: Secondary analyses from a randomised controlled trial","volume":"2023","author":"Mathersul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Depression Anxiety"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.3.158","article-title":"A survey screen for prediction of apnea","volume":"18","author":"Maislin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.06.006","article-title":"Validation of an algorithm for the diagnosis of Restless Legs Syndrome: The Restless Legs Syndrome-Diagnostic Index (RLS-DI)","volume":"10","author":"Bene\u0161","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000482","article-title":"Transdiagnostic approaches to mental health problems: Current status and future directions [Editorial]","volume":"88","author":"Dalgleish","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Consult. Clin Psychol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1331569\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:12:57Z","timestamp":1707351177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1331569\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1331569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1331569","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"article-number":"1331569"}}