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This study aimed to explore the mediating role of anhedonia in the relationship between BAS and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,023 high-school students aged 15\u201318 years participated in the study, with 916 continuing their participation three months later. All participants completed the Behavioral Inhibition System\/Activation System (BIS\/BAS) scale, Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS), Children\u2019s Depression Inventory (CDI), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S\/T). Pathway model analysis was performed to examine the concurrent and prospective mediating effects of anhedonia and the potential moderating effect of sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anhedonia in the domains of social activities, hobbies and sensory experiences significantly mediated the cross-sectional relationship between BAS and depressive level three months later. Furthermore, the beta-value of the mediating effect of social activities was significantly higher than that of the other domains of hedonic capacity cross-sectionally and longitudinally. However, sex showed no significant moderating effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings underscore the importance of hedonic capacity, especially within the social domain, in the development of depressive symptoms. 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