{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T07:40:57Z","timestamp":1768290057842,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Causal relationships between psychopathological symptoms, personality traits, coping mechanisms, and sleep bruxism (SB) were studied in the past, giving inconsistent results mostly based on self-assessment evaluations. This polysomnography-based cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationships between severe SB, personality traits (according to the Big Five model), and coping strategies with objective polysomnographic verification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 66 participants divided into severe SB (SSB) (n=32) and no or mild SB (n=34) groups based on video-polysomnography performed in the sleep laboratory. Questionnaire assessment included the use of the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Mini-COPE, International Personality Item Pool Big Five Markers 20-Item version, and Oral Behavior Checklist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with SSB presented with fewer self-reported anxiety (p=0.008) and depressive (p=0.01) symptoms than the non- or mild-SB groups. The SSB group scored significantly higher in Big Five personal traits such as extraversion (p=0.007), emotional stability (p=0.013), and intellect (p=0.004), while regarding coping strategies, the SSB group was less likely to use negative strategies: self-distraction (p=0.036), denial (p=0.006), venting (p=0.03), behavioral disengagement (p=0.046), and self-blame (p=0.003), and turning to religion (p=0.041). The intensity of oral parafunctional behaviors was comparable in both groups (p=0.054). Emotional stability was a moderate protective factor (p=0.004), and the self-blame strategy was a strong risk factor (p&amp;lt;0.001) for increased oral parafunctional behavior intensity. Phasic activity negatively correlated with anxiety symptom severity (p=0.005), whereas tonic (p=0.122) and mixed (p=0.053) phenotypes did not. SB intensity was a protective factor against anxiety symptoms (p=0.016).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In terms of psychopathology, severe sleep bruxers tend to present less severe anxiety and depressive symptoms, while some of their personality traits (extraversion, emotional stability, and intellect) were more strongly pronounced. SSB is possibly related to the lesser use of the \u201cmaladaptive\u201d coping strategies and there were no specific coping strategies preferred by SSB participants, compared to the other group. These observations require further studies, as it should be determined whether SB (especially phasic activity) might be a form of a somatization\/functional disorder. Further research should focus on the psychogenic background of oral parafunctional behaviors, which occur more often in less emotionally stable personalities and in people using self-blame coping strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1362429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T04:50:42Z","timestamp":1716353442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Why am I grinding and clenching? Exploration of personality traits, coping strategies, oral parafunctional behaviors, and severe sleep bruxism in a polysomnographic study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Wieczorek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Jodkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Orzeszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mieszko","family":"Wieckiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Michalek-Zrabkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Rymaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Smardz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wojakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Martynowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12663","article-title":"International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress","volume":"45","author":"Lobbezoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15\u20130822","article-title":"Sleep bruxism in respiratory medicine practice","volume":"149","author":"Mayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112245","article-title":"Cardiovascular implications of sleep bruxism\u2014a systematic review with narrative summary and future perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Michalek-Zrabkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12833","article-title":"The bruxism construct: From cut-off points to a continuum spectrum","volume":"46","author":"Manfredini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2015.05.005","article-title":"Overview on sleep bruxism for sleep medicine clinicians","volume":"10","author":"Carra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/158926","article-title":"Investigation of the relationship between probable sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and temporomandibular disorders using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD)","volume":"61","author":"Cigdem Karacay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dent Med Probl"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.5210","article-title":"Current concepts of bruxism","volume":"30","author":"Manfredini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/156400","article-title":"Therapies for sleep bruxism in dentistry: A critical evaluation of systematic reviews","volume":"60","author":"Cer\u00f3n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dent Med Probl"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00443","article-title":"Awake and sleep bruxism among Israeli adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Winocur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.03.005","article-title":"Disorders of arousal and sleep-related bruxism among Japanese adolescents: a nationwide representative survey","volume":"14","author":"Itani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-6-2","article-title":"Correlation between stress, stress-coping and current sleep bruxism","volume":"6","author":"Giraki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8091344","article-title":"Correlation between sleep bruxism, stress, and depression\u2014a polysomnographic study","volume":"8","author":"Smardz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03003001","article-title":"Maladaptive coping strategies in patients with bruxism compared to non-bruxing controls","volume-title":"Int J Behav Med","author":"Schneider","year":"2007"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12801","article-title":"Bruxism: An umbrella review of systematic reviews","volume":"46","author":"Melo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2017.03.005","article-title":"The clinical management of awake bruxism","volume":"148","author":"Goldstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247453","article-title":"Polysomnographic assessment of effects of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on sleep bruxism intensity","volume":"11","author":"Frosztega","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"International Classi\ufb01cation of Sleep Disorders","year":"2014"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172","article-title":"Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events","volume":"173","author":"Berry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345960750010601","article-title":"Sleep bruxism: Validity of clinical research diagnostic criteria in a controlled polysomnographic study","volume":"75","author":"Lavigne","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B20","article-title":"Kr\u00f3tki Kwestionariusz do pomiaru wielkiej pi\u0105tki IPIP-BFM-20","author":"Topolewska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rocz Psychol"},{"key":"B21","article-title":"Polska adaptacja kwestionariusza ipip-bfm-50 do pomiaru pi\u0119ciu cech osobowo\u015bci w uj\u0119ciu leksykalnym","author":"Strus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rocz Psychol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/1040\u20133590.18.2.192","article-title":"The Mini-IPIP scales: Tiny-yet-effective measures of the Big Five factors of personality","volume":"18","author":"Donnellan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20133514.56.2.267","article-title":"Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach","volume":"56","author":"Carver","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0401_6","article-title":"You want to measure coping but your protocol\u2019s too long: Consider the brief COPE","volume":"4","author":"Carver","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"B25","volume-title":"BDI-II. Beck Depression Inventory. Manual","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.56.6.893","article-title":"An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety : psychometric properties","volume":"56","author":"Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B27","article-title":"Oral Behaviors Checklist: Reliability of performance in targeted waking-state behaviors","volume":"20","author":"Markiewicz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2008.00560.x","article-title":"Waking-state oral parafunctional behaviors: Specificity and validity as assessed by electromyography","volume":"116","author":"Ohrbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC\/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the international RDC\/TMD consortium network* and orofacial pain special interest group\u2020","volume":"28","author":"Schiffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030687","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and sleep architecture in sleep bruxism\u2014A case-control study","volume":"13","author":"Fulek","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061304","article-title":"Effect of sleep bruxism intensity on blood pressure in normotensives","volume":"10","author":"Michalek-Zrabkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113844","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, and anger in bruxism: A cross-sectional study among adult attendees of a preventive center","volume":"299","author":"Goulart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400104","article-title":"Neurobiologicalmechanisms involved in sleep bruxism","volume":"14","author":"Lavigne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12955","article-title":"Distribution of temporomandibular disorders among sleep bruxers and non-bruxers\u2014A polysomnographic study","volume":"47","author":"Wieckiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226622","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders and bruxism among sex workers\u2014A cross sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Eli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12552","article-title":"Depressive symptoms account for differences between self-reported versus polysomnographic assessment of sleep quality in women with myofascial TMD","volume":"44","author":"Dubrovsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/41719","article-title":"The role of emotion regulation, affect, and sleep in individuals with sleep bruxism and those without: protocol for a remote longitudinal observational study","volume":"12","author":"Kreibig","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4181\/RNC.2015.23.04.1088.08p","article-title":"Raiva para dentro, conte\u00fado agressivo em sonhos em brux\u00f4manos com dist\u00farbios craniomandibulares","volume":"23","author":"Molina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Neurociencias"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/VSP160902029M","article-title":"Stress assessment in patients with clinically diagnosed sleep bruxism","volume":"75","author":"Mileti\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vojnosanit Pregl"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13142","article-title":"Association between sleep bruxism and stress symptoms in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Polmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173193","article-title":"Relationship between sleep bruxism, perceived stress, and coping strategies","volume":"16","author":"Saczuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070828","article-title":"The effect of severity of obstructive sleep apnea on sleep bruxism in respiratory polygraphy study","volume":"12","author":"Kazubowska-Machnowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10040740","article-title":"Temporomandibular Disorders, Bruxism, Perceived Stress, and Coping Strategies among Medical University Students in Times of Social Isolation during Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"10","author":"Saczuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthc"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.1616","article-title":"Assessment of anxiety and coping features in bruxers: A portable electromyographic and electrocardiographic study","volume":"30","author":"Manfredini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-004-0129-1","article-title":"Bruxism \u2013 a function of the masticatory organ to cope with stress","volume":"154","author":"Slavicek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/OnlineFirst\/141960","article-title":"Functional disorders - new proposals for definition, classifications, etiology and therapies","volume":"57","author":"Czachowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.08.025","article-title":"The meaning of the masticatory muscle tonic-type electromyographic pathway correlated with sleep bruxism and sleep-related breathing disorders - A polysomnographic study","volume":"68","author":"Smardz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325\u2013014-0953\u20135","article-title":"Relationship between sleep bruxism and sleep respiratory events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Hosoya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2021.10.007","article-title":"A study to evaluate psychological and occlusal parameters in bruxism","volume":"12","author":"Bandodkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofacial Res"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2016.1163806","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of anxiety symptoms and self-report of awake and sleep bruxism in female TMD patients","volume":"34","author":"Tavares","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cranio - J Craniomandib Pract"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12785","article-title":"Association between sleep bruxism and anxiety symptoms in adults: A systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Polmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.07.002","article-title":"Personality traits and dental anxiety in self-reported bruxism","volume":"65","author":"Montero","year":"2017","journal-title":"A cross-sectional study J Dent"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2018.1041","article-title":"The phenotype, psychotype and genotype of bruxism","volume":"8","author":"Cruz-Fierro","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Rep"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2006.031","article-title":"A psychological study on patients with masticatory muscle disorder and sleep bruxism","volume":"24","author":"Takemura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cranio - J Craniomandib Pract"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jor.2011.38.issue-12","article-title":"Influence of psychological symptoms on home-recorded sleep-time masticatory muscle activity in healthy subjects","volume":"38","author":"Manfredini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000289","article-title":"Coping strategies in adolescents who self-harm","volume":"36","author":"Guerreiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06204.x","article-title":"Who are the kids who self-harm? An Australian self-report school survey","volume":"181","author":"De Leo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466508X386027","article-title":"Adolescents choosing self-harm as an emotion regulation strategy: The protective role of trait emotional intelligence","volume":"48","author":"Mikolajczak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3152","article-title":"Is there a first night effect on sleep bruxism? A sleep laboratory study","volume":"9","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1362429\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T04:50:50Z","timestamp":1716353450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1362429\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1362429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1362429","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"article-number":"1362429"}}