{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T21:18:02Z","timestamp":1779225482435,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aerobic capacity has shown to predict physical and mental health-related quality of life in bipolar disorder (BD). However, the correlation between exercise respiratory capacity and mitochondrial function remains understudied. We aimed to assess longitudinally intra-individual differences in these factors during mood episodes and remission in BD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included eight BD patients admitted to an acute psychiatric unit. Incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was conducted during acute episodes (T0), followed by constant work rate cycle ergometry (CWRCE) to evaluate endurance time, oxygen uptake at peak exercise (VO<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>) and at the anaerobic threshold. The second test was repeated during remission (T1). Mitochondrial respiration rates were assessed at T0 and T1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endurance time, VO<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>, and anaerobic threshold oxygen consumption showed no significant variations between T0 and T1. Basal oxygen consumption at T1 tended to inversely correlate with maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity (r=-0.690, p=0.058), and VO<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub> during exercise at T1 inversely correlated with basal and minimum mitochondrial respiration (r=-0.810, p=0.015; r=-0.786, p=0.021, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our preliminary data showed that lower basal oxygen consumption may be linked to greater mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and maximum oxygen uptake during the exercise task was associated with lower basal mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that lower oxygen requirements could be associated with greater mitochondrial capacity. These findings should be replicated in larger samples stratified for manic and depressive states.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1386286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T04:57:10Z","timestamp":1711429030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Aerobic capacity and mitochondrial function in bipolar disorder: a longitudinal study during acute phases and after clinical remission"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Gim\u00e9nez-Palomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariona","family":"Guitart-Mampel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Roqu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Borr\u00e0s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Meseguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesc Josep","family":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Tob\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Valls-Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Anmella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Valent\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"de Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1aki","family":"Ochandiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Andreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Radua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norma","family":"Verdolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Vieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gl\u00f2ria","family":"Garrabou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Alsina-Restoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Pacchiarotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.8","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"4","author":"Vieta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.11.026","article-title":"Does metabolic syndrome or its component factors alter the course of bipolar disorder? A systematic review","volume":"132","author":"Gim\u00e9nez-Palomo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.06.066","article-title":"Higher cardio-respiratory fitness is associated with increased mental and physical quality of life in people with bipolar disorder: A controlled pilot study","volume":"256","author":"Vancampfort","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15326\/jcopdf.2022.0331","article-title":"Endurance time during constant work rate cycle ergometry in COPD: development of an integrated database from interventional studies","volume":"9","author":"Casaburi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00490-3","article-title":"Physical health impairment and exercise as medicine in severe mental disorders: A narrative review","volume":"8","author":"Brobakken","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med - Open"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2200549119","article-title":"Mitochondrial mutations alter endurance exercise response and determinants in mice","volume":"119","author":"Schaefer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.014","article-title":"A model of the mitochondrial basis of bipolar disorder","volume":"74","author":"Morris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.546801","article-title":"The role of mitochondria in mood disorders: from physiology to pathophysiology and to treatment","volume":"12","author":"Gim\u00e9nez-Palomo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13635","article-title":"Reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity in patients with acute episodes of bipolar disorder: Could bipolar disorder be a state-dependent mitochondrial disease","volume":"149","author":"Gim\u00e9nez-Palomo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429","article-title":"A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity","volume":"133","author":"Young","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2019.02.005","article-title":"Incorporating lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in clinical decision making in chest medicine","volume":"40","author":"Neder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1037\/t69921-000","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) in bipolar disorder","volume":"3","author":"Rosa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health"},{"key":"B15","article-title":"The clinical global impressions scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice","volume":"4","author":"Busner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198974","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and quality of life: Baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-PLUS trial","volume":"13","author":"Galilea-Zabalza","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2019.10.015","article-title":"Effects of pulmonary hypertension on exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"56","author":"Blanco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s44192-023-00031-8","article-title":"Disease-specific differences in gene expression, mitochondrial function and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in iPSC-derived cerebral organoids and cortical neurons in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"3","author":"Kathuria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Discover Ment Health"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9050522","article-title":"Mitochondrial alterations in fibroblasts of early stage bipolar disorder patients","volume":"9","author":"Marques","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1386286\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T04:57:12Z","timestamp":1711429032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1386286\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1386286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1386286","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"article-number":"1386286"}}