{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:27:22Z","timestamp":1771000042551,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improved effectiveness and treatment adherence is needed in smoking cessation (SC) therapies. Another important challenge is to disrupt maladaptive drug-related memories. To achieve these goals, we developed a novel treatment strategy on the basis of motion-assisted memory desensitization and reprocessing (3MDR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the added effect of a distractor task following memory recall during a newly designed 3-day SC version of 3MDR (3MDR-SC) protocol on reducing smoking cue\u2013elicited craving was investigated in abstinent chronic smokers. Chronic smokers were randomly allocated to an active 3MDR-SC group (receiving 3MDR-SC with a working memory distractor task) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 42) or a control 3MDR-SC group (receiving 3MDR-SC with a non-distracting task) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 39). Smoking cue\u2013induced craving and physiological measures were assessed at baseline (T0) and 1 day after the intervention (T4), and smoking behavior was measured at T0 and 2-week (FU1) and 3-month (FU2) follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant decreases in cue-induced craving from T0 to T4 and daily cigarette use from T0 to FU1 and FU2 were observed but not differ between the two experimental groups. Cue-induced changes in heart-rate variability and skin conductance, which did not differ from T0 to T4, and relapse at FU2 were also not different between groups. Dropout rate during intervention was 2.5%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3-day 3MDR-SC intervention resulted in a reduction in cue-induced craving and smoking behavior and showed very good treatment adherence. There was no added effect of the distractor task on 3MDR-SC efficacy. Further studies, including a treatment as usual control, are needed to confirm 3MDR-SC as an effective SC therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1398027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T06:36:32Z","timestamp":1733812592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Craving on the move: targeting smoking memories with a novel 3MDR\u2013smoking cessation protocol"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Annel P.","family":"Koomen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Marije","family":"Kaag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kees A. 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