{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:27:26Z","timestamp":1787027246929,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Affective temperament, defined as the fundamental predisposition from which normal affective states originate or as the constitutional core of personality, play a crucial role in mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorders. Understanding the relationship between temperaments, treatment adherence, and self-care is crucial for effective management and improved clinical results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to (1) assess the correlation between affective temperaments and treatment adherence, (2) investigate the relationship between affective temperaments and self-care abilities, (3) identify predictors of treatment adherence, and (4) explore the moderating effect of self-care on the relationship between treatment adherence and depressive temperament in individuals with bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 231 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) type I (N=160) and type II (N=71). The participants were evaluated using the following psychometric tools: Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, and San Diego (TEMPS) to assess affective temperaments, Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) to evaluate social functioning and self-care abilities, and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) to measure treatment adherence. The study involved statistical analyses to examine correlations, identify predictors, and explore moderating effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings revealed significant correlations between affective temperaments and both treatment adherence and self-care abilities. Specifically, hyperthymic temperament was positively associated with higher treatment adherence, whereas cyclothymic and depressive temperaments were linked to lower adherence. Self-care abilities were found to mediate the relationship between depressive temperament and treatment adherence, suggesting that improved self-care can enhance adherence in individuals with depressive temperament.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Affective temperaments significantly influence treatment adherence and self-care abilities in individuals with bipolar disorder. The mediating role of self-care highlights the importance of developing targeted interventions to improve self-care practices, thereby enhancing treatment adherence and overall well-being. Personalized treatment strategies based on temperament assessments could lead to better clinical outcomes and quality of life for individuals with bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1443278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:15:57Z","timestamp":1726013757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The role of affective temperaments in self-care and medication adherence among individuals with bipolar disorder: a moderation analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Visalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazia","family":"Longobardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Iazzolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria Di","family":"Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Paribello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Steardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Manchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Luca","family":"Steardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.07.011","article-title":"Synthesising 30 years of clinical experience and scientific insight on affective temperaments in psychiatric disorders: State of the art","volume":"362","author":"Favaretto","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.06.041","article-title":"Affective temperaments are associated with specific clusters of symptoms and psychopathology: A cross-sectional study on bipolar disorder inpatients in acute manic, mixed, or depressive relapse","volume":"151","author":"Iasevoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0327(02)00390-7","article-title":"Validating \u201chard\u201d and \u201csoft\u201d phenotypes within the bipolar spectrum: Continuity or discontinuity","volume":"73","author":"Akiskal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32833299d4","article-title":"Current research on affective temperaments","volume":"23","author":"Rihmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"3","article-title":"The temperamental foundations of affective disorders","volume-title":"Interpersonal Factors in the Origin and Course of Affective Disorders","author":"Akiskal","year":"1996"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-192104000-00057","volume-title":"Manic-depressive Insanity and Paranoia","author":"Kraepelin","year":"1921"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0193-953x(05)70093-9","article-title":"The evolving bipolar spectrum. 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