{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T09:07:51Z","timestamp":1788858471973,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabidiol (CBD) has recently gained attention for its potential therapeutic effects in substance use disorders, including Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). This study examined the potential therapeutic effects of commercially available products containing CBD with and without a small amount of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on alcohol use and craving among individuals with moderate to severe AUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this feasibility study, a total of 44 participants were randomized to one of three conditions: full-spectrum CBD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 13, fsCBD - &amp;lt;0.3% THC), broad-spectrum CBD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15, bsCBD \u2013 without THC), or placebo control (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 16) for 8 weeks. The study was designed to assess the safety and tolerability of these treatments and to evaluate whether CBD demonstrated any clinical effects (Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04873453;\n                      <jats:uri>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04873453<\/jats:uri>\n                      ). It was hypothesized that both CBD conditions would be well tolerated and would reduce drinking, alcohol dependence, and craving compared to placebo.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analyses of attrition and side effect data indicated no significant differences across conditions, suggesting that both bsCBD and fsCBD were well tolerated. Individuals receiving fsCBD demonstrated reductions in craving but no reduction in drinks per drinking day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pilot study, safety profiles fsCBD and bsCBD were similar, and fsCBD was associated with a greater reduction in craving and AUD symptoms relative to both bsCBD and placebo. Future studies with larger sample sizes will be necessary to replicate and extend these findings by addressing the question of whether a small amount of THC may work synergistically with CBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1516351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T01:30:55Z","timestamp":1745803855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A preliminary randomized trial of the safety, tolerability, and clinical effects of hemp-derived cannabidiol in alcohol use disorder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Raeghan L.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake F.","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarrod M.","family":"Ellingson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aviva K.","family":"Olsavsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Rzasa-Lynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela D.","family":"Bryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Cinnamon","family":"Bidwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent E.","family":"Hutchison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.4073","article-title":"High and rising working-age mortality in the US: A report from the national academies of sciences, engineering, and medicine","volume":"325","author":"Harris","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19761","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"330","author":"McPheeters","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e208279","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8279","article-title":"Combined pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with alcohol or substance use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Ray","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002715","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychosocial interventions for individuals with cocaine and amphetamine addiction: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"De Crescenzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agm136","article-title":"A randomized, multicentre, open-label, comparative trial of disulfiram, naltrexone and acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence","volume":"43","author":"Laaksonen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcoholism"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.v115.2","article-title":"Dropout rates of in-person psychosocial substance use disorder treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"Lappan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1296239","article-title":"Service-level barriers to and facilitators of accessibility to treatment for problematic alcohol use: a scoping review","volume":"11","author":"Wolfe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B8","article-title":"Behavioral treatments for alcohol use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder","author":"Flanagan","year":""},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1371497","article-title":"Psychosocial treatment options for adolescents and young adults with alcohol use disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Belay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.016","article-title":"Perspectives on the pharmacological management of alcohol use disorder: Are the approved medications effective","author":"Antonelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"B11","article-title":"Adherence across FDA-approved medications for alcohol use disorder in a veterans administration population","volume":"80","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kax053","article-title":"Predictors of daily adherence to naltrexone for alcohol use disorder treatment during a mobile health intervention","volume":"52","author":"Dermody","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"Medications for alcohol use disorder\n          \n          \n            \n              Winslow\n              BT\n            \n            \n              Onysko\n              M\n            \n          \n          \n          2016"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16745","article-title":"Efficacy of cannabidiol alone or in combination with \u0394-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for the management of substance use disorders: An umbrella review of the evidence","author":"Redonnet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00063","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system and cannabidiol\u2019s promise for the treatment of substance use disorder","volume":"10","author":"Chye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001386","article-title":"Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain","volume":"160","author":"De Gregorio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2020.0132","article-title":"Reducing effect of cannabidiol on alcohol self-administration in sardinian alcohol-preferring rats","volume":"7","author":"MacCioni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7972","article-title":"Cannabidiol tempers alcohol intake and neuroendocrine and behavioural correlates in alcohol binge drinking adolescent rats. Focus on calcitonin gene-related peptide\u2019s brain levels","volume":"37","author":"Tringali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12495","article-title":"Cannabidiol reduces ethanol consumption, motivation and relapse in mice","volume":"23","author":"Viudez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0050-8","article-title":"Unique treatment potential of cannabidiol for the prevention of relapse to drug use: preclinical proof of principle","volume":"43","author":"Gonzalez-Cuevas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1825-7","article-title":"Effect of low doses of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on the extinction of cocaine-induced and amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference learning in rats","volume":"175","author":"Parker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol (Berl)"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109549","article-title":"Cannabidiol regulates behavioral and brain alterations induced by spontaneous alcohol withdrawal","volume":"233","author":"Gasparyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.109829","article-title":"Oral Cannabidiol does not alter Alcohol Seeking and Self-Administration in Baboons","volume":"245","author":"Moore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.18101191","article-title":"Cannabidiol for the reduction of cue-induced craving and anxiety in drug-abstinent individuals with heroin use disorder: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"176","author":"Hurd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/imr.2022.0070","article-title":"Cannabidiol effect on cue-induced craving for individuals with opioid use disorder treated with buprenorphine: A small proof-of-concept open-label study","volume":"1","author":"Suzuki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Integr Med Rep"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-023-06349-z","article-title":"Consuming oral cannabidiol prior to a standard alcohol dose has minimal effect on breath alcohol level and subjective effects of alcohol","volume":"240","author":"Karoly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol (Berl)"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23051230","article-title":"Quality traits of \u201ccannabidiol oils\u201d: Cannabinoids content, terpene fingerprint and oxidation stability of european commercially available preparations","volume":"23","author":"Pavlovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-023-00839-3","article-title":"Comparative pharmacokinetics of commercially available cannabidiol isolate, broad-spectrum, and full-spectrum products","volume":"48","author":"Berthold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr4090","article-title":"Dosage, efficacy and safety of cannabidiol administration in adults: A systematic review of human trials","volume":"12","author":"Larsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-021-00061-5","article-title":"Reasons for cannabidiol use: a cross-sectional study of CBD users, focusing on self-perceived stress, anxiety, and sleep problems","volume":"3","author":"Moltke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cannabis Res"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab026","article-title":"Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of spectrum yellow oil in healthy participants","volume":"46","author":"Peters","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2013a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J BioMed Inform"},{"key":"B33","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Timeline follow-back: A technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption","author":"Sobell","year":"1992"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.91.3.199","article-title":"Alcohol dependence syndrome: measurement and validation","volume":"91","author":"Skinner","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04349.x","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the penn alcohol craving scale","volume":"23","author":"Flannery","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2003.64.120","article-title":"Alcohol craving predicts drinking during treatment: an analysis of three assessment instruments","volume":"64","author":"Flannery","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1993.54.700","article-title":"Development of a scale for measuring impaired control over alcohol consumption: a preliminary report","volume":"54","author":"Heather","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000706","article-title":"THC and CBD effects on alcohol use among alcohol and cannabis co-users","volume":"35","author":"Karoly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Addictive Behav"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1516351\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T01:30:59Z","timestamp":1745803859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1516351\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1516351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1516351","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"article-number":"1516351"}}