{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:46:19Z","timestamp":1784569579653,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), or functional seizures (FS), are episodes that resemble epileptic seizures but may be psychological in origin. Unlike epileptic seizures, which are linked to abnormal electrical activity in the brain, functional seizures may be associated with psychological and\/or physical distress, and do not show the same electrical patterns on an electroencephalogram (EEG). Esketamine, a derivative of the anesthetic ketamine, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) with suicidal thoughts or actions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods\/Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This report discusses a patient with TRD and PNES, where the administration of esketamine effectively resolved both conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It explores the potential therapeutic effects of esketamine on PNES, in addition to its antidepressant properties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1527166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T10:05:50Z","timestamp":1745316350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Case Report: Successful management of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures with intranasal esketamine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Muneeb","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmasini","family":"Mugunthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyal","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tharun","family":"Nimmakayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Alnaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11102-1","article-title":"Triggers in functional motor disorder: a clinical feature distinct from precipitating factors","volume":"269","author":"Geroin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.046","article-title":"Physical precipitating factors in functional movement disorders","volume":"338","author":"Pare\u00e9s","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurological Sci"},{"key":"B3","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidities in functional neurologic symptom disorder","volume":"21","author":"Patron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pract Neurol (Fort Wash Pa)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/seiz.2000.0409","article-title":"An estimate of the prevalence of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures","volume":"9","author":"Benbadis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321926","article-title":"Systematic review of psychotherapy for adults with functional neurological disorder","volume":"92","author":"Gutkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurology Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2887-8","article-title":"Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A concise review","volume":"38","author":"Asadi-Pooya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2024.103625","article-title":"BOLD signal variability as potential new biomarker of functional neurological disorders","volume":"43","author":"Schneider","year":"2024","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clinical"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44192-022-00012-3","article-title":"Ketamine treatment for depression: a review","volume":"2","author":"Yavi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Discovery Ment Health"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21120","article-title":"Treatment-resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions","volume":"22","author":"McIntyre","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14674","article-title":"Functional motor disorders associated with other neurological diseases: Beyond the boundaries of \u201corganic\u201d neurology","volume":"28","author":"Tinazzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurology"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.10.032","article-title":"Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a model of their pathogenic mechanism","volume":"20","author":"Baslet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.05.007","article-title":"Psychiatric co-morbidities and factors associated with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a case-control study","volume":"81","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103557","article-title":"Neurometabolic alterations in children and adolescents with functional neurological disorder","volume":"41","author":"Charney","year":"2024","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2009.06.006","article-title":"Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures\u2013definition, etiology, treatment and prognostic issues: a critical review","volume":"18","author":"Bodde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112508","article-title":"Ketamine: The final frontier or another depressing end","volume":"383","author":"Sial","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.145","article-title":"Metabolomic signatures of drug response phenotypes for ketamine and esketamine in subjects with refractory major depressive disorder: new mechanistic insights for rapid acting antidepressants","volume":"6","author":"Rotroff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3390\/life11060573","article-title":"Ketamine alters functional plasticity of astroglia: an implication for antidepressant effect","volume":"11","author":"Stenovec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0702-8","article-title":"Ketamine and beyond: investigations into the potential of glutamatergic agents to treat depression","volume":"77","author":"Lener","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.865466","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intranasal esketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression and comorbid chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: open-label single-arm pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Roth\u00e4rmel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781911623861.018","article-title":"Functional Neurological Disorder","volume-title":"Seminars in General Adult Psychiatry","author":"Butler","year":"2024"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52899-5.00045-9","article-title":"Metabolic and degenerative disorders","volume":"108","author":"Granata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1527166\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T10:05:51Z","timestamp":1745316351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1527166\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1527166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1527166","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"article-number":"1527166"}}