{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T06:23:49Z","timestamp":1791699829212,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing anxiety and pain among patients undergoing cataract surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relevant studies up to May 2024 were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Literature selection followed PICOS criteria, with methodological quality assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis employed standardized mean differences (SMD). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses explored result stability and heterogeneity, utilizing Review Manager 5.4 and STATA 15.0 for analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen studies with 2,262 participants were included. Music therapy significantly reduced anxiety levels, as demonstrated by a notable decrease in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) anxiety scores (SMD = -7.10, 95% CI: -12.25 to -1.95) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores (SMD = -1.26, 95% CI: -1.85 to -0.66). Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores were also significantly lower in the music therapy group (SMD = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.42 to -0.12). Regarding physiological parameters, music therapy significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (SMD = -0.58, 95% CI: -0.80 to -0.35), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SMD = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.42 to -0.12), and heart rate (HR) (SMD = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.17). Subgroup analysis indicated greater therapeutic efficacy among Asian populations compared to European populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Music therapy significantly reduces anxiety and pain in cataract surgery patients and improves vital signs to some extent. However, due to heterogeneity in certain results, further high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm its effectiveness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:uri>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/<\/jats:uri>, identifier CRD42024586504.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1600359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T05:32:14Z","timestamp":1750311134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficacy of music intervention on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lanzhu","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","article-title":"Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"9","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-02961-1","article-title":"Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020","volume":"38","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53212-6","article-title":"Uncovering genetic loci and biological pathways associated with age-related cataracts through GWAS meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Diaz-Torres","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S314214","article-title":"Fear and anxiety associated with cataract surgery under local anesthesia in adults: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Obuchowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.2016.94.issue-2","article-title":"Anxiety levels and perceived pain intensity during intravitreal injections","volume":"94","author":"Segal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216397","article-title":"Prospective comparison of local anesthesia with general or spinal anesthesia in patients treated with microscopic varicocelectomy","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000036016","article-title":"Music Intervention for older adults: Evidence Map of Systematic Reviews","volume":"102","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20960","DOI":"10.4137\/OED.S20960","article-title":"Blood pressure and heart rate alterations through music in patients undergoing cataract surgery in Greece","volume":"7","author":"Merakou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmol eye Dis"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03014323","article-title":"Music increases satisfaction in elderly outpatients undergoing cataract surgery","volume":"44","author":"Cruise","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Anaesthesia-Journal Canadien D Anesth"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NOR.0000000000000098","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of music and relaxation interventions on perceived anxiety in hospitalized patients receiving orthopaedic or cancer treatment","volume":"33","author":"Eckhouse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop Nurs"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.748296","article-title":"Efficacy of preoperative music intervention on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery","volume":"12","author":"Guerrier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093215","article-title":"Effect of preoperative music therapy versus intravenous midazolam on anxiety, sedation and stress in stomatology surgery: A randomized controlled study","volume":"12","author":"Giordano","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-018-0699-4","article-title":"Registration of systematic reviews in PROSPERO: 30,000 records and counting","volume":"7","author":"Page","year":"2018","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"B15","article-title":"The application of music therapy in senile cataract surgery","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Gerontol"},{"key":"B16","article-title":"The application of five-element tone music in phacoemulsification of cataract","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Health standard Manage"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19335\/j.cnki.2096-1219.2022.10.016","article-title":"Influence of music therapy on blood pressure and heart rate in cataract patients","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wisdom Health"},{"key":"B18","article-title":"Influence of music relaxation intervention combined with verbal suggestion on stress response and psychological state of cataract patients during operation","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Psychosom Disord"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10194","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610194","article-title":"The effect of binaural beat audio on operative pain and anxiety in cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Loong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_10_21","article-title":"Effect of slow tempo music on markers of anxiety during cataract surgery: Randomized control trial","volume":"12","author":"Musa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.160","article-title":"The effect of music with and without binaural beat audio on operative anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Wiwatwongwana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"44","article-title":"Effect of soothing music on blood pressure and heart rate of cataract surgery patients","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"As fit as fiddle"},{"key":"B23","article-title":"Influence of music therapy on preoperative anxiety in cataract patients","volume":"10","author":"Qu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Family Life guide"},{"key":"B24","article-title":"Influence of perioperative music therapy combined with \u201ctherapeutic listening\u201d psychological intervention on senile cataract patients undergoing phacoemulsification","volume":"18","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen Nurs"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-8933.2007.05.003","article-title":"Observation of blood pressure in cataract operation center rate with background music","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3870\/hlxzz.2010.02.079","article-title":"Influence of music therapy on preoperative anxiety in Uygur cataract patients","volume":"25","author":"Tian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nurs"},{"key":"B27","article-title":"Effect of relaxation therapy on preoperative anxiety in cataract patients","volume":"23","author":"Tian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"B28","first-page":"38","article-title":"The effect of music therapy on anxiety in elderly patients undergoing cataract surgery was evaluated by anxiety-VAS","volume":"7","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nursing"},{"key":"B29","article-title":"Study on the effect of music therapy in the nursing pathway of major cataract surgery","volume":"8","author":"Xiong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen Nurs"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1674-2907.2010.34.011","article-title":"Effect of music intervention in phacoemulsification of cataract","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Modern Nurs"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22594","article-title":"AOP report: Development of an adverse outcome pathway for deposition of energy leading to cataracts","author":"Carrothers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14184416","article-title":"Music therapy as a form of nonpharmacologic pain modulation in patients with cancer: A systematic review of the current literature","volume":"14","author":"Rennie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2024.103062","article-title":"The impact of music on anxiety, pain, and blood pressure in ophthalmic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-4182(02)80057-6","article-title":"The misericordia health centre cataract comfort study","volume":"37","author":"Bellan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34196","article-title":"Light and classical music therapies attenuate chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression via BDNF signaling pathway in mice","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04640-5","article-title":"Does listening to music reduce anxiety and pain in third molar surgery?-a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Monteiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1600359\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T05:32:19Z","timestamp":1750311139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1600359\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1600359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1600359","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"article-number":"1600359"}}