{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T21:30:50Z","timestamp":1768339850101,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the impact of Rest Day Catch-up Sleep (RDCS) patterns on depression among Chinese adults during the pandemic and to explore the relationship between different levels of compensation and the likelihood of depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 3,981 participants, who were divided into five groups based on changes in rest day sleep duration: no change in sleep duration (RDCS = 0 h), reduced sleep duration (RDCS &amp;lt; 0), moderate catch-up sleep (1 h &amp;lt; RDCS &amp;lt; 2 h), and long catch-up sleep (RDCS \u2265 2 h). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between RDCS and depression. Stratified logistic regression and interaction effect analyses were conducted to explore demographic differences in the association between RDCS and depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the fully adjusted model, participants with reduced sleep duration had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.12 (95%CI [1.31 \u2013 3.46]) for depression, while those with long catch-up sleep had an OR of 1.60 (95%CI [1.29 \u2013 1.98]). Stratified logistic regression and interaction effect analyses indicated that the association between RDCS &amp;lt; 0 h and depression was more significant among individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) &amp;lt; 25 kg\/m\u00b2, while the association between RDCS \u2265 2 h and depression was more significant among individuals with a general self-rated health status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study indicate that both reduced sleep duration and excessive catch-up sleep during the pandemic are associated with an increased likelihood of depression. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining stable sleep patterns during special periods and provide scientific evidence for the development of targeted public health interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1601613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T05:20:45Z","timestamp":1751606445000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Excessive or reduced rest-day sleep compensation linked to depression in Chinese adults"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yanliqing","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32408-5","article-title":"Reducing the global burden of depression: a Lancet-World Psychiatric Association Commission","volume":"393","author":"Herrman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2","article-title":"Depression","volume":"392","author":"Malhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0345-x","article-title":"The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students","volume":"43","author":"Bayram","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02622-z","article-title":"Polygenic predisposition, sleep duration, and depression: evidence from a prospective population-based cohort","volume":"13","author":"Hamilton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.11.001","article-title":"REM sleep dysregulation in depression: state of the art","volume":"17","author":"Palagini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1085091","article-title":"Relationship between night-sleep duration and risk for depression among middle-aged and older people: A dose-response meta-analysis","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.075","article-title":"Association between sleep duration and depression in US adults: A cross-sectional study","volume":"296","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4684","article-title":"Trends in self-reported sleep duration among US adults from 1985 to 2012","volume":"38","author":"Ford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104780","article-title":"Sleep to Internalizing Pathway in Young Adolescents (SIPYA): A proposed neurodevelopmental model","volume":"140","author":"Akbar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S247898","article-title":"Association between weekend catch-up sleep and metabolic syndrome with sleep restriction in korean adults: A cross-sectional study using KNHANES","volume":"13","author":"Son","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2023.09.006","article-title":"Association between weekend catch-up sleep and cardiovascular disease: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2017-2018","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47244-z","article-title":"Associations between weekend catch-up sleep and health-related quality of life with focusing on gender differences","volume":"13","author":"Oh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.691464","article-title":"Editorial: new perspectives in bereavement and loss: complicated and disenfranchised grief along the life cycle","volume":"12","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Alc\u00e1ntara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7","article-title":"Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"398","author":"Santomauro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8930","article-title":"Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Jahrami","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale A self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl psychol Measurement"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-017-0016-0","article-title":"Validation of the 8-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale in a cohort of community-dwelling older people: data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)","volume":"9","author":"Briggs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.07.117","article-title":"Urban-rural disparities in\u00a0the prevalence and trends of depressive symptoms among Chinese elderly and\u00a0their associated factors","volume":"340","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112582","article-title":"The association between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome: the NHANES 2013\/2014","volume":"11","author":"Smiley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.260","article-title":"Interaction between sleep duration and trouble sleeping on depressive symptoms among U.S. adults, NHANES 2015-2018","volume":"351","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.113","article-title":"Depressive symptoms are associated with short and long sleep duration: A longitudinal study of Chinese adolescents","volume":"263","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22386","article-title":"SLEEP DURATION AND DEPRESSION AMONG ADULTS: A META-ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE STUDIES","volume":"32","author":"Zhai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.09.018","article-title":"Sleep duration, insomnia, and markers of systemic inflammation: results from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)","volume":"60","author":"Prather","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4394","article-title":"Association between sleep duration and mortality is mediated by markers of inflammation and health in older adults: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study","volume":"38","author":"Hall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-019-02914-1","article-title":"The brain-derived neurotrophic factor: missing link between sleep deprivation, insomnia, and depression","volume":"45","author":"Rahmani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.07.003","article-title":"Association of social jetlag with metabolic syndrome among Japanese working population: the Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study","volume":"51","author":"Islam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-121531","article-title":"Atherosclerotic risk and social jetlag in rotating shift-workers: first evidence from a pilot study","volume":"46","author":"Kantermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Work."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.201","article-title":"Social jetlag, obesity and metabolic disorder: investigation in a cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Parsons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.01.069","article-title":"Ad libitum Weekend Recovery Sleep Fails to Prevent Metabolic Dysregulation during a Repeating Pattern of Insufficient Sleep and Weekend Recovery Sleep","volume":"29","author":"Depner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.05.022","article-title":"Examining the connection between weekend catch-up sleep and depression: Insights from 2017 to 2020 NHANES information","volume":"358","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1601613\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T05:20:46Z","timestamp":1751606446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1601613\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1601613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1601613","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"article-number":"1601613"}}