{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:04:38Z","timestamp":1787065478008,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective cohort study investigated relationships between antidepressant use in pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design\/setting\/sample<\/jats:title>\n Observational cohort study examining births in an outer-metropolitan maternity hospital in Australia between 2008-2022. 75,308 births were examined.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Logistic regression analysis considering covariates including maternal age, smoking, BMI, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, gestational diabetes, pre-pregnancy diabetes. The antidepressant treatment cohort was compared with two groups: all births at this hospital within this time period, and a more closely matched depressed\/anxious cohort not treated with antidepressants in pregnancy. The overall group of women taking antidepressants in pregnancy was also compared with women taking antihypertensive medications in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n Clinical diagnoses of hypertension, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia recorded in pregnancy, at birth or the immediate postpartum, as well as treatment with antihypertensive medication.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A statistically significant relationship (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001) between antidepressant use in pregnancy and clinically diagnosed hypertension, OR 2.65, CI 1.45-4.81, when compared with the overall birthing cohort. When covariates were added, including BMI, age and gestational diabetes, this relationship lost statistical significance. The relationship was also non-significant when a depressed\/anxious cohort was used as the comparator group: OR 1.49 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.24, CI 0.77 \u2013 2.88). A highly statistically significant relationship was found between antenatal antidepressant use and pre-eclampsia, OR 2.90, (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.0005, CI 2.1 \u2013 4.0), which retained significance when covariates were added to the regression analysis (OR 2.07, CI 1.45-2.97,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.0005). BMI and gestational diabetes were also significant risk factors for pre-eclampsia in this sample. As in other research, depression was also found to be related to pre-eclampsia at a borderline significant level (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.086). Considering the co-administration of antidepressants and antihypertensive medications, a strong relationship was found: OR 2.90,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.000, CI 2.13-3.94, aOR 2.02\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.000, CI 1.39-2.93. When women taking antidepressants were compared with depressed\/anxious peers a similarly significant relationship between antidepressant use and hypertension of pregnancy was found: OR 2.56, (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.0005, CI 1.7 \u2013 3.7). We found a highly significant relationship between antidepressant use and eclampsia, OR 2.84 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0&lt; 0.0005, CI 2.06 \u2013 3.92), unchanged when compared with the depressed\/anxious cohort: OR 2.84 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.0005, CI 2.06 \u2013 3.92).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This study supports existing research suggesting a strong relationship between antidepressant use in pregnancy and hypertensive disorders. Comparison with a depressed\/anxious cohort reduces the risk that these underlying conditions could contribute to this finding.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1614577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T06:25:55Z","timestamp":1764051955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antidepressants and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a retrospective cohort 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