{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T12:21:13Z","timestamp":1771935673119,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of the Swiss population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analyzed data from the Collaborative Outcome study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) across three pandemic waves: T1 (April\u2013June 2020), T2 (July\u2013December 2020) or T3 (January\u2013June 2021). Each participant participated only once, during one of these three waves. Participants reported their subjective well-being and mental health status for the two weeks prior to the pandemic (pre-pandemic baseline) and during their respective pandemic wave. Subjective well-being was assessed using the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) from 4,037 participants, while mental health was measured via the P-score, completed by 3,375 participants. The WHO-5 ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better well-being, while the P-score also ranges from 0 to 100 whereas higher scores represent greater levels of perceived burden across five domains of mental health. Pre- and intra-pandemic differences were analyzed using Wilcoxon tests and ANOVA, with subgroup analyses across seven Swiss regions utilizing the Kruskal-Wallis test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants had a mean age of 45.6 years (61.9% female). Results showed a substantial decline in well-being during the pandemic, with average WHO-5 scores decreasing from 75.3 pre-pandemic, to 66.5 during the first wave, 69.1 during the second, and 65.1 during the third, representing relative reductions of 11.7%, 8.2%, and 13.5%. The percentage of participants at risk for depression (WHO-5 &amp;lt;50) peaked during the third wave at 19.8%, up from 10.0% pre-pandemic. Mental health burden, as measured by the P-score, increased significantly during the first wave (from 20.6 to 27.3, +32.5%), and remained elevated across the two subsequent waves, with no significant recovery observed. Wilcoxon tests indicated significant differences between pre-pandemic and intra-pandemic WHO-5 and P-scores, with the largest effect sizes during the third wave (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.652 for WHO-5;\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.487 for P-score). ANOVA showed significant intra-pandemic differences in WHO-5 across waves (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), with improvements noted in the second wave. However, no intra-pandemic differences in P-scores were found (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.298). Regional analyses revealed that Ticino, the Lake Geneva region, and Northwestern Switzerland experienced the most pronounced declines in well-being and increases in mental health burden. In contrast, Espace Mittelland and Eastern Switzerland experienced a less severe impact.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, these findings highlight the considerable and lasting impact of COVID-19 on mental health in Switzerland, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions, particularly in the most affected regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1642325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T06:36:24Z","timestamp":1771223784000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Course of well-being and mental health in Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a national survey within the framework of the COH-FIT 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Psychiatry, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph U.","family":"Correll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]},{"name":"The Zucker Hillside Hospital","place":["Northwell Health, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell","place":["Hempstead, NY, United States"]},{"name":"The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience","place":["Manhasset, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabina C.","family":"Heuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz (FHNW), School of Business","place":["Olten, 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