{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:17:23Z","timestamp":1790677043426,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review investigates the relationship between autism, vulnerability to bullying, and the impact of bullying on mental health for this cohort. Neurotypical social mores can be exclusionary, creating social risks for autistic people, while differences in communication and social engagement can impact peer-to-peer interaction, making autistic people more vulnerable to bullying and social discrimination. The current systematic review investigates risk factors related to the bullying of autistic people, considering both societal and individual factors. Our PRIMA guided search reported 74 studies. Our results show that the prevalence of bullying of autistic individuals vary across studies, autistic individuals face verbal, social, and physical bullying, and that bullying was found to lead to the development of depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal. The importance of education, creating inclusive environments, building resilience, collaborative efforts, policy and legislation, mental health support, and prevention and protection implications, are discussed. By implementing these strategies, we can work to reduce vulnerability to bullying in autistic people as well as promote their overall well-being. This review emphasises the importance of comprehensive interventions and support systems in combating bullying and improving the lives of autistic people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1653663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:04:28Z","timestamp":1764936268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Autism, bullying, and mental health: a comprehensive systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wid H.","family":"Daghustani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eid G.","family":"Abo Hamza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1241-x","article-title":"Bullying experiences among children and youth with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"42","author":"Cappadocia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-010-1014-y","article-title":"Friendship and internalizing symptoms among children and adolescents with ASD","volume":"40","author":"Mazurek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-022-00456-z","article-title":"The school environment and bullying victimization among seventh graders with autism spectrum disorder: a cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2012.03.004","article-title":"The experience of friendship, victimization and bullying in children with an autism spectrum disorder: Associations with child characteristics and school placement","volume":"6","author":"Rowley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23969416221087208","DOI":"10.1007\/s44202-022-00045-3","article-title":"Bullying experiences and mothers\u2019 responses to bullying of children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"2","author":"Saigh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Discover Psychol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-3802.12421","article-title":"How are students on the autism spectrum affected by bullying? Perspectives of students and parents","volume":"19","author":"Ashburner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Res Special Educ Needs"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2893-3","article-title":"Peer victimization and educational outcomes in mainstreamed adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)","volume":"46","author":"Adams","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361321993722","article-title":"\u2018You don\u2019t look autistic\u2019: A qualitative exploration of women\u2019s experiences of being the \u2018autistic other\u2019","volume":"25","author":"Seers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361310365070","article-title":"Social vulnerability and bullying in children with Asperger syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Sofronoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2022.011","article-title":"What you are hiding could be hurting you: autistic masking in relation to mental health, interpersonal trauma, authenticity, and self-esteem","volume":"6","author":"Evans","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autism Adulthood"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038928","article-title":"Four decades of research on school bullying: An introduction","volume":"70","author":"Hymel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.616572","article-title":"Direct bullying and cyberbullying: Experimental study of bystanders\u2019 motivation to defend victims and the role of anxiety and identification with the bully","volume":"11","author":"Jungert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B13","article-title":"Bullying surveillance among youths: Uniform definitions for public health and recommended data elements, Version 1.0","author":"Gladden","year":"2014"},{"key":"B14","unstructured":"The digital lives of Aussie teens. eSafetyresearch\n          \n          \n          \n          2021"},{"key":"B15","volume-title":"Relational and social aggression: A scoping literature review relational and social aggression: A scoping literature review","author":"Fidazzo","year":"2021"},{"key":"B16","article-title":"Cyberbullying statistics 2021 | Age, gender, sexual orientation, and race","author":"Hinduja","year":"2021"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.5114\/cipp.2021.111404","article-title":"Cyberbullying and its protective and risk factors among Polish adolescents","volume":"10","author":"\u0141osiak-Pilch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Issues Pers Psychol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.06.007","article-title":"Bullying prevalence across contexts: a meta-analysis measuring cyber and traditional bullying","volume":"55","author":"Modecki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4824606","article-title":"Autism in Saudi Arabia: media and the medical model of disability","volume":"2022","author":"Sulaimani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educ Res Int"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00009","article-title":"Role of school bullying involvement in depression, anxiety, suicidality, and low self-esteem among adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder","volume":"31","author":"Chou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2014.06.004","article-title":"Victimization of students with autism spectrum disorder: A review of prevalence and risk factors","volume":"8","author":"Sreckovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1568","article-title":"Prevalence of school bullying among youth with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Ma\u00efano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jse.2017.5","article-title":"Bullying prevalence in students with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"41","author":"Campbell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australas J Special Educ"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42380-023-00208-3","article-title":"Bullying and autism spectrum disorder: correlating the victimization of high-functioning autism students with educational practices in the context of inclusion in primary education","volume":"6","author":"Gkatsa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Bullying Prev"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/014608602753504847","article-title":"Middle-class mothers\u2032 perceptions of peer and sibling victimization among children with Asperger\u2032s syndrome and nonverbal learning disorders","volume":"25","author":"Little","year":"2002","journal-title":"Issues Compr Pediatr Nursing"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3181c828c8","article-title":"Bullying and ostracism experiences in children with special health care needs","volume":"31","author":"Twyman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000008","article-title":"National prevalence rates of bully victimization among students with disabilities in the United States","volume":"27","author":"Blake","year":"2022","journal-title":"School Psychol Q"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2014.981602","article-title":"Bullying of children and adolescents with autism spectrum conditions: A \u2018state of the field\u2019 review","volume":"19","author":"Humphrey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Inclusive Educ"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0832-2","article-title":"Bullying among adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: Prevalence and perception","volume":"40","author":"van Roekel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B31","volume-title":"Make school make sense: Autism and education, the reality for families today","author":"Batten","year":"2006"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200109000-00007","article-title":"Peer victimization of children with Asperger spectrum disorders","volume":"40","author":"Little","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"B33","first-page":"25","article-title":"Relationships with peers and use of the school environment of mainstream secondary school pupils with Asperger syndrome (high-functioning autism): A case-control study","volume":"8","author":"Wainscot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Psychol psychol Ther"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014483","article-title":"Prevalence of bullying and perceived happiness in adolescents with learning disability, intellectual disability, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder: in the Taiwan Birth Cohort Pilot Study","volume":"98","author":"Lung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01460860903062782","article-title":"Bullying of students with asperger syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Carter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-018-0256-x","article-title":"Victimisation in a French population of children and youths with autism spectrum disorder: A case control study","volume":"12","author":"Paul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-022-00531-4","article-title":"Personal victimization experiences of autistic and non-autistic children","volume":"13","author":"Libster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31827a7c3a","article-title":"The association between bullying and the psychological functioning of children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"34","author":"Zablotsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.104121","article-title":"The inverse association between psychological resilience and emerging school refusal among bullied autistic youth","volume":"120","author":"Bitsika","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12340","article-title":"Case reports of two siblings with autism spectrum disorder and 15q13. 3 deletions","volume":"43","author":"Furukawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Rep"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-020-00325-7","article-title":"School refusal and bullying in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"14","author":"Ochi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-023-06041-3","article-title":"Brief report prevalence of bullying among autistic adolescents in the United States: impact of disability severity status","volume":"55","author":"Ball","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/08856250903450855","article-title":"Perceptions of social support and experience of bullying among pupils with autistic spectrum disorders in mainstream secondary schools","volume":"25","author":"Humphrey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Special Educ Needs"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3285-z","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorder and school bullying: who is the victim? Who is the perpetrator","volume":"48","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12884","article-title":"Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and risk of coercive sexual victimization in childhood and adolescence - a population-based prospective twin study","volume":"59","author":"Gotby","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316636761","article-title":"Cumulative risk effects in the bullying of children and young autistic people spectrum conditions","volume":"21","author":"Hebron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290001","article-title":"The workplace masking experiences of autistic, non-autistic neurodivergent and neurotypical adults in the UK","volume":"18","author":"Pryke-Hobbes","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05361-6","article-title":"Social media and cyber-bullying in autistic adults","volume":"52","author":"Triantafyllopoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2987","article-title":"A longitudinal study of sibling bullying and mental health in autistic adolescents: The role of self-esteem","volume":"16","author":"Deniz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"B50","article-title":"School Bullying towards Students with Disabilities at Mainstream Schools from the Experience of Teachers and Students with Disabilities in Kuwait: Case Study","volume":"203","author":"Almarzouq","year":"2024","journal-title":"Al-Azhar J Educ"},{"key":"B51","first-page":"581","article-title":"Exposure to bullying among autistic children in Jordan: children\u2019s parent perspectives","volume":"43","author":"Al-Makahleh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Al-Azhar J Educ"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12816\/0053366","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 perceptions towards inclusive education for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Mainstream Primary School in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","volume":"9","author":"Al-Saleh","year":"2019","journal-title":"JSER"},{"key":"B53","article-title":"Types of bullying and its causes for students with autism spectrum disorder in full-inclusion programs: teachers \u2018and parents\u2019 Opinions","volume":"12","author":"Alatawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf Sci Lett"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/sero.2024.357498","article-title":"Bullying behavior directed toward children with autism spectrum disorder: Parent and teacher ratings","volume":"17","author":"Daghustani","year":"2024","journal-title":"JSER"},{"key":"B55","volume-title":"An exploratory study on educating learners with ASD in primary inclusive setting in Saudi Arabia, issues, attitudes, and challenges","author":"Alzaidi","year":"2017"},{"key":"B56","volume-title":"Inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in mainstream primary schools in Saudi Arabia: A case study of two girls\u2019 Schools","author":"Binhayyan","year":"2017"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.17645\/si.v9i4.4556","article-title":"Saudi and Bahraini mothers\u2019 Experiences of including their autistic adolescent sons in education: A capabilities approach","volume":"9","author":"Daghustani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc Inclusion"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e251469","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-4634202349251469","article-title":"Bullying and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): what do autobiographies reveal to us","volume":"49","author":"Oliveira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Pesquisa"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3390\/soc14090157","article-title":"Maternal insights into bullying types and effective interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder in Jordanian schools","volume":"14","author":"Khamis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Societies"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2014.06.001","article-title":"Bullying of youth with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, or typical development: Victim and parent perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Zeedyk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2013.02.013","article-title":"Types and experiences of bullying in adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder","volume":"7","author":"Kloosterman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2020.101572","article-title":"Peer bullying among children with autism spectrum disorder in formal education settings: Data from Turkey","volume":"75","author":"Eroglu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2013.04.001","article-title":"Bullying and self-esteem in adolescents from public schools","volume":"89","author":"Brito","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatria"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613221104546","article-title":"\u2018I felt like I deserved it because I was autistic\u2019: Understanding the impact of interpersonal victimisation in the lives of autistic people","volume":"27","author":"Pearson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.103","article-title":"Does bullying victimization really influence adolescents\u2019 psychosocial problems? A three-wave longitudinal study in China","volume":"246","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children9111606","article-title":"Bullying victimization moderates the association between social skills and self-esteem among adolescents: A cross-sectional study in international schools","volume":"9","author":"Dou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2012.790","article-title":"Bullying involvement and autism spectrum disorders: Prevalence and correlates of bullying involvement among adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder","volume":"166","author":"Sterzing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2022.03.005","article-title":"Multiple types of harassment victimization in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Related factors and effects on mental health problems","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Formosan Med Assoc"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613241244875","article-title":"Self-perceived bullying victimization in pre-adolescents on the autism spectrum: EPINED study","volume":"28","author":"Morales-Hidalgo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-023-02228-2","article-title":"The traits of Autism Spectrum Disorder and bullying victimization in an epidemiological population","volume":"33","author":"Junttila","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2021.0005","article-title":"Understanding stigma in autism: A narrative review and theoretical model","volume":"4","author":"Turnock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autism Adulthood"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320947513","article-title":"Cross-lagged model of bullying victimization and mental health problems in children with autism in middle to older childhood","volume":"25","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ambp.2007.02.003","article-title":"Bullying among children with autism and the influence of comorbidity with ADHD: A population-based study","volume":"7","author":"Montes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ambulatory Pediatr"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.12.030","article-title":"Psychopathologies mediate the link between autism spectrum disorder and bullying involvement: a follow-up study","volume":"121","author":"Hsiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Formosan Med Assoc"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320937088","article-title":"The effect of school exposure and personal contact on attitudes towards bullying and autism in schools: A cohort study with a control group","volume":"24","author":"Cook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-024-00478-7","article-title":"Factors of bullying victimization among students on the autism spectrum: A systematic review","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361313495965","article-title":"Exposure to bullying among students with autism spectrum conditions: a multi-informant analysis of risk and protective factors","volume":"18","author":"Hebron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-022-05436-y","article-title":"Resilience and coping strategies in adults with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"53","author":"Ghanouni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12121597","article-title":"Anxiety in autism spectrum disorder: clinical characteristics and the role of the family","volume":"12","author":"Guerrera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s42380-022-00151-9","article-title":"The assessment of bullying experiences questionnaire (ABE) for neurodivergent youth: establishing scoring criteria and clinical thresholds","volume":"6","author":"Morton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Bullying Prev"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2020.1868367","article-title":"Parent-reported suicidal ideation in three population-based samples of school-aged Korean children with autism spectrum disorder and autism spectrum screening questionnaire screen positivity","volume":"26","author":"Bal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Suicide Res"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2008.12.003","article-title":"Frequency and clinical features of pervasive developmental disorder in adolescent suicide attempts","volume":"31","author":"Mikami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613231223626","article-title":"Factors mediating pre-existing autism diagnosis and later suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A follow-up cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1151293","article-title":"Case report: Treatment-resistant depression, multiple trauma exposure and suicidality in an adolescent female with previously undiagnosed Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"14","author":"Secci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2012.07.009","article-title":"Suicide ideation and attempts in children with autism","volume":"7","author":"Mayes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-024-06479-z","article-title":"Bullying victimization is associated with heightened rates of anxiety and depression among autistic and ADHD youth: National Survey of Children\u2019s Health 2016\u20132020","volume":"55","author":"Accardo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36148\/2284-0249-466","article-title":"Bullying in Autism Spectrum Disorder: prevalence and consequences in adulthood","volume":"3","author":"Ferrigno","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychopathol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.11.015","article-title":"The role of bullying victimization in the pathway between autistic traits and psychotic experiences in adolescence: data from the Tokyo Teen Cohort study","volume":"239","author":"Stanyon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613211018637","article-title":"Male autistic youth experiences of belonging in integrated physical education","volume":"26","author":"Haegele","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70248-2","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and suicide plans or attempts in adults with Asperger\u2019s syndrome attending a specialist diagnostic clinic: a clinical cohort study","volume":"1","author":"Cassidy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1488","article-title":"Bullying victimization, parenting stress, and anxiety among adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"8","author":"Weiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-03910-8","article-title":"The experiences of college students on the autism spectrum: A comparison to their neurotypical peers","volume":"49","author":"McLeod","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2020.61.11.909","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with school bullying in students with autism spectrum disorder: A cross-cultural meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221093689","article-title":"Prevalence of victimisation in autistic individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Trundle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14812\/cuefd.1069494","article-title":"Peer bullying experienced by children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review","volume":"51","author":"\u00c7ulhao\u011flu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cukurova Univ Faculty Educ J"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-2011-8","article-title":"Shedding light on a pervasive problem: A review of research on bullying experiences among children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"44","author":"Schroeder","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-8217-6.ch009","article-title":"Bullying and autism spectrum disorder: Highlights of research and practice","volume-title":"Interventions for improving adaptive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders","author":"Golu","year":"2022"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15294\/lsr.v3i1.53757","article-title":"Protection of cyberbullying victims in Indonesia (An overview of law and victimology)","volume":"3","author":"Chakan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Law Soc Context Global Justice"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.5206\/eei.v21i3.7679","article-title":"Bullying and victimization among students in special education and general education curricula","volume":"21","author":"Rose","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exceptionality Educ Int"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.01.004","article-title":"The role of cross-group friendship and emotions in adolescents\u2019 attitudes towards inclusion","volume":"62","author":"Gr\u00fctter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5937\/specedreh23-47766","article-title":"Strategies for the improvement of social skills in students with autism spectrum disorder: Intensive support for inclusive education","volume":"23","author":"Fortuny-Guasch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija"},{"key":"B102","volume-title":"Teaching social skills to prevent bullying in young children","author":"Donato","year":"2013"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_PERSP-22-00046","article-title":"Bullying and autism spectrum disorder: teacher perspectives and the role of the speech-language pathologist","volume":"7","author":"Plumb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perspect ASHA Special Interest Groups"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.01.002","article-title":"Familiarity breeds support: Speech-language pathologists\u2019 perceptions of bullying of students with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"46","author":"Blood","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Communication Disord"},{"key":"B105","volume-title":"Perceptions about bullying of students with autism","author":"Ofe","year":"2015"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.22029","article-title":"Peer relations and friendships in early childhood: The association with peer victimization","volume":"48","author":"Kucaba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aggressive Behav"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1197754","article-title":"Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study","volume":"332","author":"Gelfand","year":"2011","journal-title":"science"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1653663\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:05:02Z","timestamp":1764936302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1653663\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1653663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1653663","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"article-number":"1653663"}}