{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:35:01Z","timestamp":1790868901109,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) involves inattention (IA) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI), which may be linked to distinct developmental and behavioral profiles. This study examined the demographic, cognitive, sleep, and behavioral factors associated with IA and HI symptoms among children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional sample of 331 children aged 6\u201312 years (mean = 8.72 \u00b1 1.45 years; 84.6% male), diagnosed with ADHD, participated in this study between December 2020 and December 2022. ADHD symptoms were assessed via Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-IV (SNAP-IV); cognitive function with Chinese version of the Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System (DN: CAS); sleep via the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC); and behavior using the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Regression analyses showed that HI symptoms were negatively associated with age (\u03b2 = \u20130.197,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001) and higher in boys (\u03b2 = \u20130.156,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004), while IA symptoms remained stable across age and gender. IA was significantly related to attentional deficits (\u03b2 = \u20130.146,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.037) and learning problems (\u03b2 = 0.471,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). HI showed stronger associations with conduct problems (\u03b2 = 0.411,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), sleep-wake disturbances (\u03b2 = 0.164,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003), and low anxiety (\u03b2 = \u20130.121,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.033).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support dimension-specific understanding and targeted management of ADHD symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  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