{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T11:14:54Z","timestamp":1767870894404,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heroin dependence is associated with poor performance on laboratory-based decision-making paradigms. However, it remains unclear whether these deficits may have predated drug abuse due to potential familial susceptibilities or emerged as a consequence of chronic drug use. A family study may help clarify this important issue, so this study was to compare various decision-making aspects between heroin-dependent individuals and their siblings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 70 abstinent heroin-dependent individuals (HAs), 69 unaffected biological siblings of the HAs (Siblings), and 74 unrelated healthy subjects (HCs) were included and tested on trait-like, risky, and utilitarian decision-making domains, using the Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire (MDMQ), the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), and the Moral Decision-Making Task (MDMT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data indicated that both HAs and Siblings scored higher on MDMQ Procrastination (Cohen\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.61-1.17), and exhibited higher risk-taking levels (i.e., more pumps per trial and more explosions) on the BART (Cohen\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.39-1.25) compared with HCs. A lower level of competent decision-making (MDMQ Vigilance) and a higher ratio of utilitarian choices in self-involvement dilemmas were found in HAs, but not in Siblings, compared to HCs. Logistic regression models revealed homologous results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that deficits in trait-like and risk-taking-related decision-making styles are shared by abstinent heroin-dependent individuals and their unaffected siblings, which might represent the conceivable markers for potential familial vulnerabilities implicated in the development of heroin dependence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1659008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:35:27Z","timestamp":1767854127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Commonalities and differences in trait-like, risky, and utilitarian decision-making styles between abstinent 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