{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:02:38Z","timestamp":1791820958060,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ketamine\u2019s antidepressant effects have been linked to its modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. However, the precise roles of both glutamate (Glu) levels and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in this process remain incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study examined the relationship between ketamine-induced changes in Glu levels and peripheral BDNF levels using data from a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (7 Tesla\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H-MRS) assessing Glu concentrations in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and plasma BDNF levels were measured one hour before and 24 hours after either S-ketamine or placebo infusions in 35 healthy male subjects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Linear regression analysis revealed a significant interaction between treatment condition and relative changes in Glu on BDNF level changes, with a trend-level positive correlation between changes in Glu and BDNF levels observed only in the ketamine group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings provide initial\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      support for the hypothesis that ketamine\u2019s effects on BDNF dynamics are linked to its glutamatergic action.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1662051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T09:32:19Z","timestamp":1761903139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between S-ketamine induced changes in glutamate levels in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy subjects"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Leonard","family":"Marx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z\u00fcmr\u00fct 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